Figure 3.

Spatio-temporal response surfaces and contours for each moth. Responses were measured as in the previous figure, but the moving gratings were systematically varied with combinations of spatial and temporal frequencies, presented in a random order. Deilephila elpenor again shows a peak temporal response below the other moths, while A. atropos and M. sexta are comparable. Acherontia atropos and M. sexta, however, have widely different peak spatial responses, A. atropos the lowest of the three and M. sexta the highest. Colour scale represents normalized spike rate.