Table 2.

Parameters in the model. Time is expressed in years, weight in grams, and biomass density in grams per unit volume.

individual physiology
α	0.6	assimilation efficiencya
n		exponent of max. intakeb
h	30	factor for max. intakec
p		exponent of standard metabolismd
ks	4	factor for standard metabolisme
μ0	0.6	background mortality factorf
η	0.25	size at maturation rel. to Mg
individual foraging
β	100	preferred predator–prey weight ratioh
σ	1.3	width of selection functioni
γ	526	factor for search volumej
q	0.9	exponent of search volumek
primary production
κr	0.005	resource spectrum carrying capacity
r0	4	growth rate of resource spectruml

^aKitchell et al. (1977).

^bJobling (1994) states that . We have used n= to be consistent with von Bertalanffy growth curves.

^cAdjusted such that emergent growth rates are in the range of those observed in the North Sea (figure 1).

^dWest et al. (1997).

^eThe data of Winberg (1956) indicate a standard (resting) metabolism factor for fish of about 4 g^0.25 yr⁻¹ at 10°C.

^fThis has been adjusted to lead to a background mortality of the same order as the predation mortality, but still lower than the predation mortality.

^gBeverton (1992).

^hUrsin (1973) and Jennings et al. (2001).

ⁱUrsin (1973) finds σ = 1 for a single species. To account for species diversity within an asymptotic size class, this has been increased to σ = 1.3.

^jSee equation (2.1).

^kConsiderations on the bioenergetic budget of swimming predict a value of q between and 1 (Andersen & Beyer 2006).

^lSavage et al. (2004; temperature: 10°C).