PCA based on the CHC profiles of workers from experimental colonies before and after queen removal. Factors 1 and 2 explain 33.3 and 12% of the variance respectively. The data for colony JC36, a colony with repeated sampling without queen removal, are shown for comparison. Open triangles, JC36 on day 1; filled triangles, JC36 on day 8; filled squares, JC36 on day 14; open squares, JC36 on day 21; filled diamonds, Q13 with queen still present; open diamonds, Q13 1 day after queen removal; grey diamonds, Q13 six weeks after queen removal; filled circles, JC18 with queen still present; open circles, JC18 1 day after queen removal; grey circles, JC18 4 days after queen removal.