Table 1.

Prevalence of spontaneously developed tail swellings (SDTS) of human spermatozoa in different types of sperm samples commonly encountered in the andrology laboratory

Sample type	Number of sample	SDTS value (in %)
Ejaculated sperm
Fresh semen sperm	10	5.9 ± 4.5
Fresh semen sperm column washed	10	3.8 ± 3.2
Frozen-thaw semen sperm no wash	5	6.7 ± 3.3
Frozen-thaw semen sperm washed	5	5.2 ± 2.4
Epididymal sperm
Frozen-thaw epididymal sperm no wash	2	7.0 ± 5.7
Frozen-thaw epididymal sperm washed	2	6.0 ± 2.8
Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA)
Fresh TESA sperm	4	5.0 ± 4.4
Frozen-thaw TESA sperm no wash	5	5.8 ± 4.1
Frozen-thaw TESA sperm washed	5	6.4 ± 3.2

Values represent mean ± SD