Table 3.
Relative risk (95% CI) for prostate cancer by intake of fish and seafood n-3 fatty acids (N = 20,167).
| P, trend 1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All fish | < 1/wk | 1/wk | 2 – 4/wk | ≥ 5/wk | ||
| Cases / person-years | 430 / 77,923 | 550 / 96,255 | 926 / 165,970 | 255 / 41,997 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.33) | 0.31 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 0.46 | |
| Canned tuna | < 1/mo | 1 – 3/mo | 1/wk | ≥ 2/wk | ||
| Cases / person-years | 582 / 101,641 | 895 / 157,526 | 469 / 85,609 | 215 / 37,367 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) | 0.14 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) | 0.17 | |
| Dark meat fish | < 1/mo | 1 – 3/mo | ≥ 1/wk | |||
| Cases / person-years | 1004 / 178,306 | 914 / 158,536 | 243 / 45,302 | |||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.21 | ||
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.20 | ||
| Other fish | < 1/mo | 1 – 3/mo | 1/wk | ≥ 2/wk | ||
| Cases / person-years | 257 / 50,507 | 858 / 156,294 | 729 / 129,564 | 317 / 45,780 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 1.37 (1.16, 1.61) | 0.001 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 1.33 (1.13, 1.58) | 0.001 | |
| Shrimp, lobster or scallops | < 1/mo | 1 – 3/mo | ≥ 1/wk | |||
| Cases / person-years | 734 / 123,670 | 1181 / 211,118 | 246 / 47,356 | |||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.08) | 0.44 | ||
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 0.35 | ||
| Seafood n-3 fatty acids | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |
| Cases / person-years | 424 / 77,907 | 438 / 75,469 | 446 / 76,049 | 407 / 75,986 | 446 / 76,734 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 (referent) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | 0.45 |
| Multivariate-adjusted 2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | 0.55 |
1
Calculated in a separate regression model with the median intake in each category as a continuous variable
2
Adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, intakes of alcohol, tomato products, dairy products and meat, smoking, race, use of multivitamins, use of vitamin E supplements and random assignment to aspirin or beta-carotene.