Table 2.
Factors Associated with Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems (CIS≥16)a Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys 2000–2004, N=30,668b
| Variable | unweighted (%) | Bivariate Analyses |
Logistic Regression |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIS≥16 | P | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | P | ||
| Age | ||||||
| 5–11 years | 52.90 | 9.32 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| 12–17 years | 47.10 | 13.69 | 1.61 | 1.42–1.79 | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 51.20 | 12.86 | <0.001 | 1.41 | 1.27–1.56 | <0.001 |
| Female | 48.80 | 9.83 | * | * | * | |
|
| ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 63.33 | 12.27 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 15.02 | 12.76 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.01 | 0.065 | |
| Hispanic | 17.57 | 8.45 | 0.58 | 0.48–0.69 | <0.001 | |
| Asian/ PI (non-Hispanic) | 4.08 | 5.17 | 0.43 | 0.29–0.65 | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Adults in Household | ||||||
| 1 | 13.29 | 17.01 | <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
| 2 | 63.13 | 10.66 | * | * | * | |
| ≥3 | 23.58 | 10.13 | 0.77 | 0.66–0.90 | 0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Family income as a percentage of poverty | ||||||
| Poor/negative, <100% | 25.41 | 16.46 | <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
| Near poor, 100~<125% | 7.91 | 13.77 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Low income, 125~<200% | 19.65 | 12.96 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Middle income, 200~<400% | 28.56 | 11.33 | * | * | * | |
| High income, >=400% | 18.47 | 8.98 | NS | NS | NS | |
|
| ||||||
| Smoker in Householdc | ||||||
| Yes | 33.96 | 15.45 | <0.001 | 1.40 | 1.23–1.60 | <0.001 |
| No | 66.04 | 9.29 | * | * | * | |
|
| ||||||
| Smokers in Household | ||||||
| 0 | 66.04 | 9.29 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| 1 | 20.28 | 14.72 | 1.34 | 1.15–1.55 | <0.001 | |
| 2 | 11.03 | 15.99 | 1.48 | 1.24–1.78 | <0.001 | |
| ≥3 | 2.66 | 18.77 | 1.78 | 1.28–2.48 | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Smokingc | ||||||
| Yes | 20.82 | 17.39 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 1.14–1.55 | <0.001 |
| No | 79.18 | 9.80 | * | * | * | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Age at Child's Birth | ||||||
| <20 years | 8.83 | 15.94 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 1.08–1.53 | 0.005 |
| 20–34 years | 78.52 | 11.01 | * | * | * | |
| ≥35 years | 12.65 | 10.51 | NS | NS | NS | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Education | ||||||
| <HS degree | 29.68 | 14.23 | <0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
| HS degree/GED | 32.08 | 12.23 | * | * | * | |
| Bachelor degree | 32.76 | 10.27 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Above bachelor degree | 5.48 | 7.67 | 0.74 | 0.57–0.96 | 0.02 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Marital Status | ||||||
| Married | 74.77 | 9.50 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| Not Married | 25.23 | 16.96 | 1.53 | 1.31–1.77 | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Depression | ||||||
| Yes | 9.84 | 24.31 | <0.001 | 1.74 | 1.47–2.07 | <0.001 |
| No | 90.16 | 9.97 | * | * | * | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal PCS Score | ||||||
| Average and above | 65.79 | 9.31 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| Within 1SD below average | 19.16 | 13.63 | 1.40 | 1.22–1.60 | <0.001 | |
| 1–2 SD below average | 8.19 | 17.90 | 1.39 | 1.15–1.70 | <0.001 | |
| ≥ 2 SD below average | 6.86 | 17.83 | 1.46 | 1.15–1.86 | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal MCS Score | ||||||
| Average and above | 61.71 | 7.37 | <0.001 | * | * | * |
| Within 1SD below average | 22.35 | 14.73 | 1.94 | 1.70–2.22 | <0.001 | |
| 1–2 SD below average | 10.44 | 20.60 | 2.56 | 2.14–3.07 | <0.001 | |
| ≥ 2 SD below average | 5.51 | 26.02 | 2.64 | 1.48–4.71 | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: CIS, Columbia Impairment Scale; PI, Pacific Islander; HS, High School; PCS, Physical Component Scale; MCS, Mental Component Scale; SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NS, non-significant
The Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) is a 13 item parent-report measure of child emotional and behavioral functioning. Each item is scored from 0 (“No Problem”) to 4 (“A Very Big Problem”). Summated scores range from 0–52, with higher scores indicating worse emotional and behavioral functioning. CIS score≥16 indicates emotional and behavioral problems.
N=47 243 296 weighted
Analyzed in separate logistic regression models adjusting for all covariates
Reference values