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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):104–107. doi: 10.1038/nature08780

FIGURE 3. mtDNA activates PMN via CpG/TLR9 interactions.

FIGURE 3

a, Incubation of PMN (106) with 1μg/ml mtDNA activates p38 MAPK (n=3, *p<0.05 vs unstimulated cells). b, mtDNA-induced activation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by pre-treatment with the inhibitory ODN TTAGGG. Inhibition was overcome at higher mtDNA concentration. c, PMN were co-incubated in 1nM fMLF plus mtDNA at clinical concentrations (1–10μg/ml, see Supplementary Fig. 1d). Neither CpG-DNA nor mtDNA caused IL-8 release alone, but each caused significant release along with low dose fMLF. (n=3, *p< 0.05 compared with unstimulated control) (all tests ANOVA/Dunn).