TABLE 1.

Results of the Literature Survey: Methods Used to Test for Mediation

Method	Frequency	Percentage of studies	Median sample size	Upper and lower quartiles of sample size
Causal steps (non-SEM)	134	70.90	159.5	[86, 325]
Indirect effect	22	11.64	142.5	[115, 285]
SEM—nested models	26	13.76	239.5	[152, 413]
SEM—overall model fit	26	13.76	340.5	[189.5, 778]
Resampling	0	0.00	—	—
All methods	—	—	187	[107, 352]

Note. Dashes indicate that the value was not applicable. Percentages add up to more than 100% because some of the studies used more than one method to test for mediation. SEM = structural equation modeling.