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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2009 Nov 29;93(3):303–311. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.11.004

A and B: Electromyography (EMG) recorded from eye muscles (orbicularis oculi) of the left upper eyelid during trace eyeblink conditioning. Each line represents EMG activity from an individual trial (1–100, with Trial 1 represented at the bottom of each figure and Trial 100 represented at the top of each figure) from Session 6 of 500-ms trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Total trial length was 1,350 ms. Lines are drawn to approximate the onset of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). There were 249 ms in the pre-CS period before CS onset. CS onset is marked, and then there were 500 ms between CS onset and US onset (marked). There were 601 ms in the post-US period. A response was scored if it exceeded mean pre-CS activity by five standard deviations. Performance is shown for a pcd mouse (A) and a wildtype littermate (B) that were representative of their respective groups. For the pcd mouse shown here (A), 90 of the 100 trials were usable for analysis; the remaining 10 trials were excluded due to excessive pre-CS EMG activity. During paired CS-US trials this subject (A) performed 48% conditioned responses (CRs). Short-latency alpha (or ‘startle’) responses (0–60 ms after CS onset) occurred in 3% of the paired CS-US trials. For the wildtype littermate (B), 87 of the 100 trials were usable for analysis. During paired CS-US trials there were 68% CRs. Consistent with the higher percentage of short-latency alpha responses emitted in wildtypes relative to pcds, alpha responses occurred during 54% of the paired CS-US trials.

A and B: Electromyography (EMG) recorded from eye muscles (orbicularis oculi) of the left upper eyelid during trace eyeblink conditioning. Each line represents EMG activity from an individual trial (1–100, with Trial 1 represented at the bottom of each figure and Trial 100 represented at the top of each figure) from Session 6 of 500-ms trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Total trial length was 1,350 ms. Lines are drawn to approximate the onset of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). There were 249 ms in the pre-CS period before CS onset. CS onset is marked, and then there were 500 ms between CS onset and US onset (marked). There were 601 ms in the post-US period. A response was scored if it exceeded mean pre-CS activity by five standard deviations. Performance is shown for a pcd mouse (A) and a wildtype littermate (B) that were representative of their respective groups. For the pcd mouse shown here (A), 90 of the 100 trials were usable for analysis; the remaining 10 trials were excluded due to excessive pre-CS EMG activity. During paired CS-US trials this subject (A) performed 48% conditioned responses (CRs). Short-latency alpha (or ‘startle’) responses (0–60 ms after CS onset) occurred in 3% of the paired CS-US trials. For the wildtype littermate (B), 87 of the 100 trials were usable for analysis. During paired CS-US trials there were 68% CRs. Consistent with the higher percentage of short-latency alpha responses emitted in wildtypes relative to pcds, alpha responses occurred during 54% of the paired CS-US trials.