Fig. 2. Mechanistic views of selective autophagy pathways.

Atg19 is the receptor for the Cvt pathway that sequesters the aminopeptidase I complex (Ape1 complex). At the Cvt-specific PAS, it interacts with Atg11, while its interaction with Atg8 is responsible for phagophore expansion (Fig. 2A). The phosphoprotein Atg30 is the peroxisome receptor for pexophagy. This protein is present on the peroxisomal membrane and phosphorylated during pexophagy. It then interacts with the autophagy adaptor proteins, Atg11 and Atg17 at the pexophagy-specific PAS. Atg30 is required for the formation of the phagophore membrane that sequesters peroxisomes during pexophagy (Fig. 2B). During mitophagy, ROS-damaged mitochondria are selectively captured for autophagic degradation using the mitophagy receptor, Atg32. Atg32 interacts with Atg11 at the mitophagy-specific PAS and also plays a role in phagophore expansion by engaging Atg8 (Fig. 2C).