Table 2. Characteristics of participants who prefer to be tested in Spanish.

	Bilinguals with Alzheimer's Disease			Bilingual Controls
	n^a	M	SD	n^a	M	SD	t	p
Age	13	76.7	6.5	20	74.4	5.0	1.14	0.26
Education	13	7.5	5.1	20	9.5	3.4	1.35	0.19
DRS^b	13	100.9	18.2	20	134.9	5.3	7.88	< .01
MMSE^c	13	18.2	4.2	20	29.8	0.6	12.25	< .01
Age of Regular English Use	10	33.1	13.9	20	31.0	18.8	< 1	0.75
Percent Daily English use	11	16.4	30.8	20	13.6	17.9	< 1	0.76
English Speaking^d	9	3.1	2.1	19	3.9	1.6	1.12	0.28
English Reading^d	9	3.2	2.2	19	4.3	1.8	1.33	0.19
English Writing^d	9	2.8	2.3	19	3.5	1.9	< 1	0.38
English Comprehension^d	9	3.6	2.5	19	4.4	1.6	1.08	0.29
Spanish Speaking^d	11	6.4	0.8	20	6.7	0.6	1.35	0.19
Spanish Reading^d	11	5.2	1.9	20	6.7	0.5	3.35	< .01
Spanish Writing^d	11	5.6	1.9	20	6.6	0.7	2.15	0.04
Spanish Comprehension^d	11	6.4	0.9	20	6.8	0.4	1.83	0.08

The number varies from characteristic to characteristic because of missing data.

The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS; Mattis, 1988)

The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, 1975)

Proficiency level based on self-ratings using a scale of 1-7 with 1 being “little to no knowledge” and 7 being “like a native speaker.”