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. 2004 Oct 30;36(5):275–286. doi: 10.4143/crt.2004.36.5.275

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Dietary phytochemicals blocking or suppressing multi-stage carciniogenesis. Certain chemopreventive phytochemicals in the diet inhibit metabolic activation of the procarcinogens to ultimate electrophilic species and/or their covalent interaction with target cell DNA, thereby blocking the initiation (blocking agents). Alternatively dietary blocking agents can stimulate the detoxification of the pro- or ultimate carcinogens. Others suppress the later steps (promotion and progression) of multi-stage carcinogenesis (suppressing agents). Some phytochemicals can act as both blocking and suppressing agents. Adapted from reference 1.