TABLE 2.

Parenting Stress, Father Support, and Other Covariates by Parents’ Relationship Trajectory During the First Year of the Child’s Life

	Coresident at Baseline			Nonresident at Baseline
	Consistently Coresident	Coresident to NRS-NRM	Coresident to NRS-RM	Consistently NRS-RM	NRS-RM to NRS-NRM	NRS-RM to Coresident	Consisently NRS-NRM
Dependent variable
Parenting stress	2.10a	2.29b	2.15a	2.14a	2.36b	2.11a	2.23b***
Fathers’ financial support
Maternal hh inc/cs	30,127.92a	21,259.34b	20,057.92b	22,699.89b	19,642.47b	27,164.72a	21,632.22b***
Material hardship (%)	26.3a	36.7b	45.5b	27.1a	35.5ab	32.0ab	33.1ab***
Fathers’ caregiving support
Activities with child	4.49a	1.75b	2.94c	3.12c	1.27d	4.50a	.74e***
Coparenting with mother	3.81a	2.99b	3.76a	3.72a	2.77c	3.80a	2.12d***
Maternal covariates
Mother is European American (%)	22.0	17.4	13.3	8.0	6.6	12.2	17.7***
Mother is African American (%)	40.0	54.6	66.1	74.1	74.3	61.4	58.2***
Mother is Latin American (%)	35.8	24.0	18.8	15.1	17.5	24.9	21.3 ***
Mother is other race (%)	2.2	4.0	1.8	2.8	1.6	1.5	2.8
Mother has < HS (%)	35.6	42.6	38.4	37.1	40.6	36.3	42.1
Mother is teenage (%)	18.6	18.2	19.6	27.9	30.6	26.4	24.1 ***
Mother had intact family at 15	41.2	33.8	34.8	32.7	27.1	35.3	31.8 ***
Mothers’ religiosity	30.3	28.7	26.8	40.6	34.8	35.3	36.2**
Alcohol during pregnancy	10.2	14.6	6.3	10.4	15.8	9.3	19.7 ***
Smoked during pregnancy	21.6	25.8	20.5	20.3	23.7	21.6	25.4
Grandmaternal coresidence (%)	12.0	21.5	18.8	43.0	30.4	18.7	31.0 ***
Resident partner (%)	0.0	11.6	0.0	0.0	11.8	0.0	16.2***
# children in HH	2.25a	2.39a	2.70b	2.57b	2.43a	2.34a	2.33a**
Child Covariates
Child is male (%)	52.6	49.8	46.4	54.6	52.3	51.2	55.6
Child’s age in months	14.45a	15.98b	15.13a	15.20a	15.84,	15.30b	15.44b***
Child’s health poor	12.7	16.4	16.1	13.6	14.2	12.3	15.4

Note. NRS-RM = Nonresident-Romantic; NRS-NRM = Nonresident-Nonromantic.

Different subscripts represent mean differences significant at p <.05 in Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons.

^*p < .05;

^**p< .01;

^***p< .001.