Table 1.
Characteristics of the Patients
| n = 364 | |
| Background characteristics | |
| Age at fracture (y), mean (SD) | 83.4 (6.8) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 88 (24.2) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 276 (75.8) |
| Living in nursing home, n (%) | 56 (15.4) |
| IQCODE*, mean (SD) | 3.74 (0.79)† |
| Cognitively impaired, IQCODE > 3.6, n (%) | 141 (42.6) |
| Barthel Index ≤ 18/20, n (%) | 140 (47.9)‡ |
| Body mass index ≤ 20, n (%) | 89 (27.1)§ |
| ASA group III, IV, or V, n (%) | 182 (50.0) |
| History of | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 121 (33.2) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 39 (10.7) |
| Coronary heart disease (previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or other ischemic heart disease), n (%) | 70 (19.2) |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 64 (17.6) |
| Obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 30 (8.2) |
| Use of | |
| Acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) | 116 (31.9) |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 84 (23.1) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 109 (29.9) |
| Loop diuretics | 86 |
| Others | 23 |
| Statins, n (%) | 52 (14.3) |
| Simvastatin | 37 |
| Atorvastatin | 11 |
| Others | 4 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist, n (%) | 91 (25) |
| Preoperative characteristics on admission | |
| Atrial fibrillation on admission, n (%) | 48 (14.0)¶ |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 108.2 (17.1) |
| Heart rate > 100 beats per min, n (%) | 41 (11.3) |
| Body temperature >37.5°C, n (%) | 139 (38.2) |
| Time (h) from admission to surgery, mean (SD) | 23.4 (23.7) |
| Perioperative and postoperative characteristics | |
| Time (h) in operation theater, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) |
| Type of operation, n (%) | |
| Hemiarthroplasty | 131 (36.1) |
| Arthroplasty | 4 (1.1) |
| Osteosynthesis | 228 (62.8) |
| Type of anesthesia, n (%) | |
| General | 20 (5.5) |
| Spinal | 337 (92.6) |
| Others | 7 (1.9) |
| Received blood transfusion during the stay, n (%) | 127/362 (64.9) |