TABLE 1.

Electronic Properties of Fucoxanthin (Fx) in MeTHF at 77 K

	fitFx-1a	fitFx-2B blue banda	red band
ν̃max (λmax) 298 Kb	22145 (451.5)
ν̃max (λmax) 7 Kb	21345 (468.5)	21345 (468.5)	19761 (506.0)
|Δμ⃗|exp (D)c	17.0 ± 0.08	15.4 ± 0.8	21.9 ± 0.8
|m̂ ·Δμ⃗|/| μ⃗|c	0.92 ± 0.07	0.90 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.09
${\overline{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\alpha }}}_{\text{exp}}$ (Å3)c	−680 ± 60	−1000 ± 100	−790 ± 40

^aFit_Fx-1 is the fit of the Stark spectrum to the absorption band (Figure 2b), and fit_Fx-2B is the fit to the red (sum of gaussians 1 and “g2a”) and blue (the sum of gaussians “g2b” to 5) bands shown in Figure 2c.

^bThe absorption maxima, ν˜_max, are reported in wavenumbers (cm⁻¹) and in nanometers (λ_max) in parentheses

^cThe experimental values of |μ⃗|_exp and |m̂ ·Δμ⃗|/|Δμ⃗| correspond to the difference dipole moment and the angle between |Δμ⃗| and the unit vector in the direction of the transition moment, m̂, respectively, between the ground (S₀) and excited (S₂) states. The latter value is ~20°. The $({\overline{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\alpha }}}_{\text{exp}})$ value is an experimentally derived parameter that includes a transition-moment polarizability component. The electrostatic properties are enhanced by the cavity field factor: |Δμ⃗|_exp to f_c, and $({\overline{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\alpha }}}_{\text{exp}})$ to f_c² (see Materials and Methods).