Overexpression of SAP97 has a dominant-negative effect that depends on the GK domain. A, Left, Evoked EPSCs. Right, SAP97-GFP (S97-GFP) expression decreased evoked EPSC amplitude while SAP97/GK-GFP (S97-GK) did not (11–14 cultures/condition). B, Left, Whole-cell responses to rapidly applied nicotine. Right, SAP97-GFP expression diminished the mean whole-cell response to nicotine while SAP97/GK-GFP did not (4–10 cultures/condition). C, Left, Responses to paired stimuli. Right, SAP97-GFP expression decreased the magnitude of PPD (increased PPR), whereas SAP97/GK-GFP did not (8 cultures/condition). SAP97 acted as a dominant-negative via its GK domain to impair ACh release. *p ≤ 0.05 by ANOVA in A and C; ***p ≤ 0.001 by unpaired Student's t test in B.