FIGURE 4.

Characterization of the effects of Akt and c-Myc on mitochondrial function. A, oligomycin-sensitive OCR and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)-uncoupled OCR were calculated based on the measurement of cellular O₂ consumption in complete media using a Clark-type electrode. Data shown are average of three experiments ± S.D. (*, p < 0.05). B, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex-specific ADP-coupled OCR was calculated by measuring O₂ consumption of digitonin-permeabilized cells supplied with complex-specific respiratory substrates as follows: glutamate and malate for complex I, succinate for complex II, ascorbate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine for complex IV. Data shown are average of three experiments ± S.D. (*, p < 0.05). C, cellular ATP level was measured upon the addition of glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG and the mitochondrial F₀/F₁-ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin at 5 and 15 min and expressed as percent of ATP level of untreated cells. Data shown are average of three experiments ± S.D. (*, p < 0.05).