Table 5.

Summary of types of measures for land-use mix¹⁵²

Types of measures of land-use mix	Definition	Examples	Comments
Accessibility	Degree to which mixed-land activities are easy to reach by residents	(1) Distance from residential land uses to the nearest nonresidential land use (e.g., retail establishment); (2) gravity-based measures (sum of accessibility of residential land use to all other given types of nonresidential land uses, discounted by the distance decay function between these two points); and (3) gravity-based measures that account for attractiveness and competition of nonresidential land uses	Conceptually simple but range in sophistication and computational burden. Best for individual-level analyses.
Intensity	Volume or magnitude of mixed-land uses present in an area	(1) Counts or densities of specific destinations in an area, and (2) proportion of area devoted to different types of land uses	Entail the least amount of computation and data requirements and are conceptually and computationally simple. Can be implemented at an aggregate- or area-level, which means their value depends on the choice of geographic scale.
Pattern	Degree of evenness of various land-use types in an area	(1) Balance index, (2) Herfindahl–Hirschman index, (3) dissimilarity indices, and (4) entropy measures	Best at capturing diversity, isolation, and clustering of land uses; however, their degree of interpretation and computation varies.