Table 1.
Comparison of Impaired Ventricular Function versus Preserved Ventricular Function with heart failure
| Characteristic | Impaired Ventricular Function (n=18) | Preserved Ventricular Function (n=16) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Evaluation, yrs mean ± SD (range) | 12.8 ± 5.9 (2.3–19.9) | 10.9 ± 6.0 (4.6–26.1) | * |
| Time since Fontan, yrs mean ± SD (range) | 8.8 ± 5.2 (0.2–16.9) | 6.1 ± 6.2 (0.2–24.8) | * |
| Male sex, n (%) | 12 (66.7%) | 9 (56.3%) | * |
| Congenital heart defect n, (%) | * | ||
| TA | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| DORV | 5 (27.8%) | 7 (43.75%) | |
| HLHS | 6 (33.4%) | 5 (31.3%) | |
| DILV | - | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Other | 3 (16.7%) | - | |
| Fontan Surgery, n (%) | * | ||
| Lateral Tunnel | 15 (83.3%) | 11 (68.8%) | |
| Atriopulmonary | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | |
| Extracardiac conduit | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Systemic Ventricle | |||
| Right, n (%) | 12 (66.7%) | 12 (75.0%) | * |
| AV valve regurgitation, n (%) | |||
| Moderate to Severe | 10 (55.6%) | 1 (6.3%) | .006 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 5 (27.8%) | 6 (37.5%) | * |
| Plastic Bronchitis, n (%) | 0 | 5 (31.3%) | .016 |
| PLE, n (%) | 0 | 9 (56.3%) | <.001 |
AV valve, atrioventricular valve; DILV, double inlet left ventricle; DORV, double outlet right ventricle; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; PLE, protein-losing enteropathy; TA, tricuspid atresia;