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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 26.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2010 Jan 11;121(3):436–444. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.902890

Figure 6. Working model of AT1-AA-mediated TNF-α induction in impaired placental angiogenesis in preeclampsia.

Figure 6

This diagram represents a possible signaling cascade by which the autoantibody-mediated TNF-α induction overcomes HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), its negative regulator, and contributes to increased sEng and sFlt-1 secretion and subsequent impaired placental angiogenesis, a major feature in preeclampsia. This implies blockade of TNF-α and AT1 receptor or increasing HO-1 signaling may be potential therapeutic strategies in the management of this serious disorder of pregnancy for both mom and babies.