Table 3.
Mean and standard error (SE) obtained for the esterase, monooxygenase, and glutathione S-transferases (GST) assay on Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations collected from 2004 to 2006*
| Site | WHO bioassay† | Biochemical assays | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT4% | Permethrin 0.75% | Deltamethrin 0.05% | n | Esterase (PNPA)(µmol/min/mg protein) | Monooxygenase(nmol equivalent unit cyt P450 /mg protein) | GST (CDNB)(mmol/min/mg protein) | |||||||
| Mean | SE | P value‡ | Mean | SE | P value‡ | Mean | SE | P value‡ | |||||
| KHA | S | S | S | 30 | 0.0403 | 0.0030 | 0.2161 | 0.0280 | 0.0645 | 0.0183 | |||
| NAA | SR | R | S | 59 | 0.0905 | 0.0079 | ↑0.000 | 0.1565 | 0.0194 | 0.090 | 0.2049 | 0.0560 | 0.366 |
| NAB | SR | SR | SR | 28 | 0.0846 | 0.0141 | ≠0.018 | 0.1898 | 0.0531 | 0.100 | 0.0613 | 0.0151 | 0.791 |
*
The esterase activity was measured with para-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), whereas the GST activity was measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate.
†
Mortality categories: S = susceptible (mortality > 98%); SR = suspected resistance (mortality between 80% and 98%); R = resistant (mortality < 80%).
‡
↑Mean rank of population is increased compared with the mean rank of the KHA An. gambiae s.s. population.