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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Apr;46(4):331–338. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.004

Table 2.

Regression Models of Parenting Style at Time 1 Predicting Adolescent BMI, Dietary Intake and Physical Activity at Time 2

Time 2 Mean BMI+
 Time 2 Mean Servings of Fruits & Vegetables (F/V)+
 Time 2 Mean Hrs. of Physical Activity (PA)/Week+
Non-adjusted
for Time 1
BMI		 Adjusted
for Time 1
BMI		 Non-adjusted for
Time 1 Servings
of F/V		 Adjusted for
Time 1 Servings
of F/V		 Non-Adjusted
for Time 1 Hrs.
of PA/week		 Adjusted for Time 1
Hrs. of PA/week
(Model 1) (Model 2) (Model 1) (Model 2) (Model 1) (Model 2)
SONS
  Mothers' Parenting Style:
  Authoritative 24.1a 24.6 3.28 3.13 7.16 7.18
  Authoritarian 25.2b 24.4 3.38 3.30 6.05 6.50
  Permissive 24.4ab 24.5 3.03 3.00 6.76 6.76
  Neglectful 24.2ab 24.4 3.05 3.04 6.65 6.92
p-value .030 .936 .258 .498 .053 .348
  Fathers' Parenting Style:
  Authoritative 24.4 24.8 3.60 3.23 7.34a 7.56
  Authoritarian 24.3 24.5 3.57 3.35 6.70ab 7.01
  Permissive 24.4 24.5 3.40 3.24 6.93ab 7.09
  Neglectful 24.6 24.2 3.02 2.94 5.88b 6.56
p-value .933 .201 .050 .336 .013 .137
DAUGHTERS
  Mothers' Parenting Style:
  Authoritative 23.9 23.6 3.88a 3.52 4.59 4.57
  Authoritarian 24.4 24.1 3.54a 3.44 4.26 4.35
  Permissive 24.6 23.9 3.47a 3.41 3.99 4.17
  Neglectful 24.8 23.8 3.48a 3.43 4.09 4.23
p-value .082 .371 .033 .864 .117 .444
  Fathers' Parenting Style:
  Authoritative 24.0 23.7 3.76ab 3.43ab 4.64 4.64
  Authoritarian 23.8 23.7 3.32a 3.21a 4.02 4.24
  Permissive 23.8 23.6 3.90b 3.84b 4.05 4.07
  Neglectful 24.0 23.5 3.50ab 3.42ab 4.50 4.50
p-value .905 .916 .008 .006 .086 .266
+

Adjusted for Ethnicity/Race, Age and SES

Letter superscripts indicate results of post-hoc comparison of means. Means with different letters are significantly different at p < .01, For all means, higher means indicate higher BMI, servings of F/V, and PA/week