Table 1.
Appraisals: standardized loadings and error variances of the measurement model and descriptive statistics
| Appraisal | Importance | Coping potential | External control | Error variance | M | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal importance | 0.80* | – | – | 0.36 | 7.32 | 2.49 |
| Centralitya | 0.65* | – | – | 0.58 | 7.15 | 2.21 |
| Goal conduciveness | 0.65* | – | – | 0.57 | 6.39 | 2.71 |
| Consequentiality | 0.59* | – | – | 0.65 | 5.76 | 2.95 |
| Thinking abouta | 0.57* | – | – | 0.68 | 6.80 | 2.08 |
| Effort | 0.50* | – | – | 0.75 | 8.58 | 1.46 |
| Importance for parents | 0.46* | – | – | 0.79 | 7.60 | 2.37 |
| Ability to give the best | – | 0.81* | – | 0.34 | 6.39 | 2.00 |
| Preparedness | – | 0.68* | – | 0.54 | 5.35 | 2.13 |
| Outcome probability | – | 0.55* | – | 0.70 | 5.42 | 2.32 |
| Pleasantness | – | 0.53* | – | 0.72 | 5.21 | 2.40 |
| Engagementb,c | – | 0.40* | – | 0.84 | 8.44 | 1.64 |
| Ability to control emotions | – | 0.38* | – | 0.86 | 4.43 | 2.69 |
| Certainty about how the exam would unfold | – | 0.37* | – | 0.86 | 5.93 | 2.35 |
| Abilityb,c | – | 0.33* | – | 0.89 | 8.54 | 1.63 |
| Professorsc | – | – | 0.66* | 0.57 | 7.62 | 2.11 |
| Difficulty of examc | – | – | 0.56* | 0.68 | 8.06 | 1.74 |
| Chancec | – | – | 0.53* | 0.72 | 5.99 | 2.68 |
* p < 0.05
a,bDue to the semantic similarity between the appraisals “Centrality” and “Thinking about,” and the similar wording of the questions related to the appraisals of “Engagement” and “Ability,” the errors between these pairs of items were allowed to be correlated (a error correlation = 0.33; b error correlation = 0.37)
cThese items measured accountability for the unfolding and outcome of the exam