Table 1.
Summary of potential targets of antidepressant drugs in relate to AD pathology
| Antidepressants | Neurogenesis | Aβ | Learning & memory | NMDA Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine (SSRI) |
Increase synaptic density in hippocampus[75] | Does not interact with Aβ fibrils [159]. | Protects hippocampal LTP [100]. Performance improvement in Morris water maze after chronic treatment [102]. | Inhibit NMDA receptor directly [127]. |
| Amitriptyline (NSRI) |
Does not increase synapse number but reduce decline in synaptic density [76]. | Blocks age --induced deterioration of learning and memory [105]. | ||
| Tiapentine (atypical) |
Prevents the reduction of dendrites length as a result of chronic stress [77]. | Protects hippocampal LTP [99,100]. No effects on animal performance in Morris water maze[102] but improve animal performance is radial maze discrimination task [104]. | ||
| TCA | Reduce LTP in CA1 pyramidal cells [96,97]. | Inhibit NMDA receptor directly [124,125]. | ||
| Venlafaxine (SNRI) |
Performance improvement in Morris water maze after chronic treatment [101,103]. | |||
| Imipramine (NSRI) |
Increase secreted APP, reduces intracellular APP in culture [165]. | No effect on animal performance in Morris water maze [101] and even worsen spatial working memory in radial arm maze test [106]. | Changes in binding to NMDAR [118,120]and expression of NMDAR in brain [116] | |
| Citalopram (SSRI) |
Increase the levels of secreted APP in the medium of the treated neurons [165]. | Adaptation of NMDAR complex [117]. Changes in expression of NMDAR [116]. | ||
| Clomipramine (NSRI) | Chronic administration changes the regulation of NMDA receptor control on the release of dopamine [119]. | |||
| Milnacipran (NSRI) |
Antagonize NMDA receptor uncompetitively [126]. | |||
| Paroxetine (SSRI) |
Reduces levels of Aβ and tau in Tg mice and cells [157,161-164] | |||