Skip to main content
. 2008 Sep;19(3):75–83.

Table 1.

Levels of Evidence

Level 1a = Systematic Review of Randomized
Controlled Trials (RCTs)

Level 1b = RCTs with Narrow Confidence Interval

Level 1c = All or None Case Series

Level 2a = Systematic Review Cohort Studies

Level 2b = Cohort Study/Low Quality RCT

Level 2c = Outcomes Research

Level 3a = Systematic Review of Case-Controlled Studies

Level 3b = Case-Controlled Study

Level 4 = Case Series, Poor Cohort Case Controlled

Level 5 = Expert Opinion