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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biometrics. 2008 May 19;65(2):405–414. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01077.x

Table 3.

Summary of simulation results. Comparison between the inclusion probabilities and local averages. The covariate is uniformly distributed on five points, m/5, 1 < m < 5.

n β 0 ñ τ θ Approach Mean β^ Proposed s.e. True S.D. 95% coverage
1000 0 366 0.83 Inclusion probabilities 0.004 0.2407 0.2399 0.949
Local average –0.004 0.2214 0.2251 0.945
367 0.43 Inclusion probabilities 0.001 0.2728 0.2703 0.949
Local average 0.001 0.2624 0.2674 0.944
367 0.29 Inclusion probabilities 0.002 0.2779 0.2803 0.953
Local average 0.004 0.2682 0.2779 0.948
366 0.09 Inclusion probabilities –0.006 0.2846 0.2845 0.954
Local average –0.009 0.2759 0.2816 0.943
log(2) 364 0.83 Inclusion probabilities 0.702 0.2478 0.2503 0.950
Local average 0.699 0.2288 0.2343 0.944
364 0.43 Inclusion probabilities 0.702 0.2821 0.2864 0.946
Local average 0.693 0.2708 0.2800 0.940
364 0.29 Inclusion probabilities 0.706 0.2866 0.2899 0.948
Local average 0.692 0.2760 0.2839 0.943
364 0.09 Inclusion probabilities 0.710 0.2928 0.2981 0.952
Local average 0.697 0.2835 0.2875 0.952
2000 0 734 0.83 Inclusion probabilities –0.001 0.1697 0.1712 0.949
Local average –0.000 0.1568 0.1571 0.949
734 0.43 Inclusion probabilities 0.004 0.1930 0.1883 0.956
Local average 0.003 0.1866 0.1839 0.954
733 0.29 Inclusion probabilities –0.000 0.1961 0.1940 0.956
Local average –0.002 0.1903 0.1912 0.951
734 0.09 Inclusion probabilities –0.001 0.2002 0.1962 0.957
Local average –0.005 0.1955 0.1946 0.952
log(2) 729 0.83 Inclusion probabilities 0.693 0.1747 0.1761 0.948
Local average 0.696 0.1621 0.1641 0.946
728 0.43 Inclusion probabilities 0.691 0.1992 0.2027 0.943
Local average 0.695 0.1928 0.1943 0.945
728 0.29 Inclusion probabilities 0.690 0.2023 0.2052 0.953
Local average 0.694 0.1966 0.1990 0.945
728 0.09 Inclusion probabilities 0.692 0.2070 0.2104 0.951
Local average 0.692 0.2020 0.2062 0.946