Table 2.
Percentage (and Relative Risk) of Current Additional Diagnoses in Patients with Current Principal Anxiety and Mood Disorders (N = 968)
|
DSM-IV Principal Diagnosis (n) |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Additional Diagnosis | PD (36) | PDA (324) | PD/A (360) | SOC (186) | GAD (120) | OCD (77) | SPEC (110) | PTSD (13) | MDD (81) | DYS (21) | MDD/DYS (102) | Overalla |
| Any Axis I | 42 (.73) | 62 (1.14*) | 60 (1.09) | 46 (.78*) | 68 (1.24*) | 57 (1.01) | 34 (.56*) | 92 (1.64*) | 69 (1.25*) | 76 (1.36*) | 71 (1.28*) | 57 |
| Any anxiety/mood | 42 (.75) | 60 (1.16*) | 59 (1.12) | 45 (.79*) | 65 (1.21*) | 53 (.96) | 33 (.56*) | 92 (1.69*) | 68 (1.26*) | 76 (1.40*) | 70 (1.30*) | 55 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 36 (.84) | 47 (1.17*) | 46 (1.14) | 28 (.61*) | 52 (1.25*) | 39 (.91) | 27 (.61*) | 62 (1.45) | 64 (1.58*) | 57 (1.35) | 63 (1.56*) | 43 |
| Any mood disorder | 17 (.58) | 33 (1.28*) | 31 (1.19) | 29 (1.04) | 36 (1.32*) | 32 (1.17) | 10 (.34*) | 77 (2.79*) | 11 (.37*) | 38 (1.36) | 17 (.56*) | 28 |
| Anxiety Disorders | ||||||||||||
| PD | -- | -- | -- | 01 (.28) | 03 (3.25) | 01 (.86) | 00 (--) | 00 (--) | 04 (3.25) | 00 (--) | 03 (2.48) | 01 |
| PDA | -- | -- | -- | 03 (.24*) | 15 (2.09*) | 08 (.88) | 05 (.58) | 23 (2.75) | 15 (1.90*) | 14 (1.68) | 15 (1.96*) | 09 |
| PD or PDA | -- | -- | -- | 03 (.24*) | 18 (2.24*) | 09 (.88) | 05 (.49) | 23 (2.33) | 19 (2.08*) | 14 (1.42) | 18 (2.03*) | 10 |
| SOC | 08 (.37) | 15 (.58*) | 15 (.53*) | -- | 36 (2.33*) | 26 (1.21) | 09 (.38*) | 15 (.70) | 41 (2.07*) | 48 (2.25*) | 42 (2.24*) | 22 |
| GAD | 19 (1.59) | 16 (1.50*) | 16 (1.64*) | 13 (1.10) | -- | 12 (.93) | 05 (.40*) | 23 (1.87) | 05 (.37*) | 05 (.38) | 05 (.36*) | 13 |
| GAD: no hierarchy | 22 (.87) | 22 (.79) | 22 (.78*) | 21 (.78) | -- | 16 (.59) | 07 (.26*) | 38 (1.52) | 67 (3.16*) | 90 (3.80*) | 72 (3.73*) | 25 |
| OCD | 06 (.83) | 07 (1.12) | 07 (1.08) | 08 (1.29) | 04 (.59) | -- | 03 (.38) | 23 (3.62*) | 09 (1.35) | 05 (.71) | 08 (1.21) | 07 |
| SPEC | 08 (.65) | 15 (1.36) | 15 (1.28) | 08 (.58*) | 12 (.91) | 12 (.91) | 15b (1.17) | 15 (1.21) | 15 (1.18) | 10 (.75) | 14 (1.09) | 13 |
| PTSD | 00 (--) | 04 (2.30*) | 04 (1.95) | 03 (1.09) | 01 (.30) | 00 (--) | 00 (--) | -- | 06 (2.84*) | 00 (--) | 05 (2.20) | 03 |
| Other anxiety | 03 (.92) | 04 (1.86) | 04 (1.81) | 03 (1.10) | 01 (.25) | 03 (.86) | 03 (.90) | 00 (--) | 02 (.81) | 00 (--) | 02 (.63) | 03 |
| Mood Disorders | ||||||||||||
| MDD | 08 (.41) | 24 (1.41*) | 23 (1.28) | 14 (.66*) | 26 (1.39) | 22 (1.14) | 03 (.12*) | 69 (3.67*) | -- | 33 (1.73) | -- | 20 |
| DYS | 08 (.99) | 07 (.73) | 07 (.74) | 13 (1.75*) | 06 (.66) | 10 (1.26) | 04 (.40) | 23 (2.80*) | 11 (1.36) | -- | -- | 08 |
| Other mood | 03 (.74) | 03 (.87) | 03 (.84) | 05 (1.40) | 06 (1.71) | 04 (1.05) | 04 (.98) | 00 (--) | 00 (--) | 05 (1.29) | 01 (.24) | 04 |
| Other Disorders | ||||||||||||
| Somatoform | 00 (--) | 02 (.99) | 01 (.84) | 01 (.65) | 04 (3.53*) | 01 (.83) | 00 (--) | 00 (--) | 02 (1.68) | 00 (--) | 02 (1.31) | 02 |
| Other Axis I | 03 (.92) | 02 (.63) | 02 (.64) | 01 (.31) | 06 (2.25) | 06 (2.41) | 02 (.58) | 00 (--) | 06 (2.28) | 00 (--) | 05 (1.77) | 03 |
Note. DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994); PD = panic disorder; PDA = panic disorder with agoraphobia; PD/A = panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; SOC = social phobia; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; GAD: no hierarchy = generalized anxiety disorder ignoring DSM-IV hierarchy rule with mood disorders; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; SPEC = specific phobia;; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder MDD = major depressive disorder; DYS = dysthymia; MDD/DYS = major depressive disorder or dysthymia.
Overall frequency category was assigned as an additional diagnosis.
Significantly increased or decreased risk of co-occurring disorder (95% confidence interval)
Tabled reproduced from Brown, T.A., Campbell, L.A., Lehman, C.L., Grisham, J.R., & Mancill, R.B. (2001). Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 585–599.