Table 2.
Percentage | M | SD | |
---|---|---|---|
Math Outcomes | |||
Academic status in the ninth grade | |||
Completed at least Algebra I | 65.46 | — | — |
Did not completed at least Algebra I | 34.54 | — | — |
Academic status at the end of high school | |||
Dropped out of high school | 12.49 | — | — |
Graduated from high school but did not complete Algebra II |
29.98 | — | — |
Graduated from high school and completed at least Algebra II |
57.53 | — | — |
Family-Structure History | |||
Family instability: Birth through Wave I | 0.56 | (0.93) | |
0 | 66.28 | — | — |
1 | 17.17 | — | — |
2 | 12.43 | — | — |
3 | 2.62 | — | — |
4+ | 1.50 | — | — |
Family instability: Birth through Wave II | 0.67 | (1.03) | |
0 | 62.31 | — | — |
1 | 17.51 | — | — |
2 | 13.70 | — | — |
3 | 4.49 | — | — |
4 | 1.40 | — | — |
5+ | 0.59 | — | — |
Family structure at birth | |||
Married | 82.64 | — | — |
Single-parent family | 16.41 | — | — |
Ever lived in | |||
Biological-parent family | 86.53 | — | — |
Single-mother family | 30.37 | — | — |
Single-father family | 4.37 | — | — |
Stepparent family | 18.22 | — | — |
Nonbiological-parent family | 2.07 | — | — |
Explanatory Factors | |||
Parenting behavior | |||
Parent-child closeness | — | 3.55 | (0.57) |
Parental supervision | — | 3.01 | (0.97) |
Parental involvement in school | — | 1.45 | (1.05) |
Adolescents’ adjustment and aspirations | |||
Psychological distress | — | −0.95 | (4.77) |
College aspirations | — | 4.55 | (0.93) |
Individual Charactersistics | |||
Age (in years) | — | 13.96 | (1.08) |
Gender (male) | 50.75 | — | — |
Race and ethnicity | |||
White | 70.24 | — | — |
African American | 14.33 | — | — |
Latina/Latino | 10.27 | — | — |
Other | 4.05 | — | — |
Parents’ education | |||
Less than high school | 9.62 | — | — |
High school graduation | 31.13 | — | — |
Some college education | 20.04 | — | — |
At least college graduation | 35.60 | — | — |
Missing education | 3.62 | — | — |
School Context | |||
Urbanicity | |||
Suburban | 58.23 | — | — |
Urban | 25.35 | — | — |
Rural | 16.42 | — | — |
Type of school | |||
Private | 6.66 | — | — |
Public | 93.34 | — | — |