. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 25.

Published in final edited form as: Sociol Educ. 2006 Oct 1;79(4):329–354. doi: 10.1177/003804070607900403

Table 5.

Regression Estimates Predicting Academic Status in the Ninth Grade and at the End of High School (n = 4,217)

	Academic Status in the Ninth Grade (Odds Ratio)	Academic Status at the End of High School (Relative Risk Ratios)
		Model 1			Model 2
		3 versus 2	3 versus 1	2 versus 1	3 versus 2	3 versus 1	2 versus 1
Family-Structure History
Family instability
Birth through Wave I	0.92⁺	—	—	—	—	—	—
Birth through Wave II	—	0.82^***	0.77^***	0.94	0.80^***	0.74^***	0.93
Family structure at birth
Single-parent family	0.75^*	0.88	0.67^*	0.77	1.01	0.78	0.77
Initial Academic Status
Completed Algebra I in the ninth grade		—	—	—	12.55^***	18.93^***	1.51^*
Individual Characteristics
Age	0.81^***	0.80^***	0.67^***	0.84^**	0.81^***	0.71^*	0.87^*
Male	0.82^*	0.73^***	0.62^***	0.85	0.74^***	0.62^**	0.84
Race and ethnicity
African American	0.73⁺	0.71^*	0.89	1.26	0.81	1.02	1.27
Latina/Latino	0.76	0.86	0.93	1.00	1.01	1.12	1.11
Other	1.84	1.81	3.10^*	1.71	1.62⁺	2.25⁺	1.39
Parents’ educational attainment
Less than high school	0.79	0.83	0.41^***	0.49^***	0.83	0.40^***	0.49^***
Some college education	1.65^***	1.81^***	0.21^***	1.13	1.64^***	1.79^**	1.09
At least college graduation	3.23^***	2.85^***	6.27^***	2.20^***	2.07^***	4.36^***	2.12^***
Missing education	0.86	1.08	0.50^*	0.46^**	1.06⁺	0.51 ⁺	0.48^**
School Context
Urbanicity
Urban	1.00	1.21	0.88	0.70	1.24	0.85	0.69
Rural	1.26	0.99	0.88	0.88	0.84	0.71	0.85
Private school	2.81^***	1.20	2.14^*	1.78^*	0.77	1.23	1.60
−2 log likelihood	−2461.30	−3595.66			−2996.31

Note: 1 = dropped out of high school, 2 = graduated from high school but did not complete Algebra II, and 3 = graduated from high school and completed at least Algebra II.

⁺

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.