Table 3.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of microglia density within the dorsal horn and thalamus with cannabinoid interventions
| Mouse Cohort | Microglial Density (number/mm2) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ventral Lumbar Spinal Cord | Thalamic Nuclei | |
| Non-Diabetic | ||
| Intraperitoneal | ||
| Saline | 147.3 ± 17.2 (-) | 99.2 ± 9.9 (-) |
| Intranasal | ||
| Saline | 136.1 ± 19.2 (-) | 105.3 ± 9.3 (-) |
| Diabetic | ||
| Intraperitoneal | ||
| Early Intervention | ||
| Cannabidiol | 228.6 ± 15.3* (+) | 116.5 ± 9.4 (+/-) |
| SR144528 | 316.6 ± 17.8 (+) | 127.5 ± 11.3 (+/-) |
| Nabilone | 309.3 ± 18.2 (+) | 125.6 ± 10.5 (+/-) |
| WIN55212-2 | 305.7 ± 20.5 (+) | 124.4 ± 9.7 (+/-) |
| SR141716A | 314.7 ± 16.9 (+) | 130.0 ± 10.4 (+/-) |
| Late Intervention | ||
| Cannabidiol | 314.2 ± 18.8 (+) | 118.2 ± 10.8 (+/-) |
| SR144528 | 312.5 ± 19.4 (+) | 125.6 ± 9.5 (+/-) |
| Nabilone | 319.5 ± 19.9 (+) | 124.5 ± 9.2 (+/-) |
| WIN55212-2 | 311.3 ± 18.9 (+) | 131.2 ± 11.2 (+/-) |
| SR141716A | 325.3 ± 17.7 (+) | 129.0 ± 9.0 (+/-) |
| Intranasal | ||
| Early Intervention | ||
| Cannabidiol | 209.5 ± 14.8* (+) | 114.7 ± 12.2 (+/-) |
| SR144528 | 302.3 ± 18.2 (+) | 125.4 ± 11.3 (+/-) |
| Nabilone | 301.1 ± 16.5 (+) | 132.5 ± 11.7 (+/-) |
| WIN55212-2 | 319.1 ± 18.4 (+) | 126.1 ± 8.9 (+/-) |
| SR141716A | 316.3 ± 17.8 (+) | 130.5 ± 9.6 (+/-) |
| Late Intervention | ||
| Cannabidiol | 314.5 ± 18.1 (+) | 120.0 ± 9.5 (+/-) |
| SR144528 | 322.6 ± 20.5 (+) | 133.4 ± 11.6 (+/-) |
| Nabilone | 328.1 ± 19.9 (+) | 125.6 ± 11.1 (+/-) |
| WIN55212-2 | 321.1 ± 18.0 (+) | 122.0 ± 9.0 (+/-) |
| SR141716A | 312.6 ± 18.4 (+) | 124.6 ± 9.4 (+/-) |
All measures are mean +/- SEM for microglial densities. * indicates significance at p < 0.05 with comparison of diabetic mice cohort groups receiving high and low dose cannabidiol through either intranasal or intraperitoneal routes (non-matched ANOVA tests, F-values range between 1.89-3.92 for indicated groups and time points, DF ≥ 7,4, n ≥ 4 at each time point. Microglial activation is indicated using a qualitative scale: - for baseline staining; + for mild response; and ++ for moderate response, with the statistical mode response indicated in brackets, or where two values were similar, the greater response is shown in front of the second most common value.