Table 3.

Randomized Controlled Trial in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Adult Cardiac Surgery

	Author	Country	Date	Agents Used	Design	N	Inclusion criteria	Primary End-Point	Level of Evidence
1	Fattouch et al. [45]	Italy	2006	iPGI2 vs iNO vs intravenous vasodilators	RCT Unicenter	58	MVR + PHT before the end of CPB	Hemodynamic	A1b
2	Ocal et al. [14]	Turkey	2005	iPGI2 vs NTG	RCT Multicenter	68	CABG with protamine reaction after CPB	Hemodynamic	A1b
3	Stafford et al. [44]	USA NC	2005	Heparinase vs protamine	Non-inferiority clinical trial design Multicenter	167	CABG on + off pump after CPB	Bleeding	A1b
4	Fattouch et al. [46]	Italy	2005	iPGI2 vs iNO vs intravenous vasodilators	RCT Unicenter	58	MVR + PHT in the intensive care unit	Hemodynamic	A1b
5	Hache et al. [53]	Canada	2003	iPGI2 vs placebo	RCT Unicenter	20	PHT before CPB	Hemodynamic	A1b
6	Solina et al. [47]	USA	2001	iNO vs milrinone	RCT Unicenter	62	PHT after surgery	Hemodynamic	B
7	Feneck et al. [49]	UK	2001	Milrinone vs dobutamine	RCT Multicenter	120	CO < 2 L/min/m² et PAOP > 10 mmHg after cardiac surgery	Hemodynamic	A1b
8	Solina et al. [48]	USA	2000	iNO vs milrinone	RCT Unicenter	45	PHT after surgery	Hemodynamic	A1b
9	Schmid et al. [50]	Switzerland	1999	iNO vs NTG vs PGE1	Crossover Unicenter	14	PHT after surgery	Hemodynamic	B
10	Hachenberg et al. [51]	Germany	1997	Enoximone vs dobutamine+NTG	RCT Unicenter	20	HTP in MVR before and after surgery	Hemodynamic	A1b

CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, CO: cardiac output, CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass, iNO: inhaled nitric oxide, iPGI2: inhaled prostacyclin, MVR: mitral valve replacement, NO: nitric oxide, NTG: nitroglycerin, OR: operating room, PAOP: pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, PGE1: prostaglandin E1, PGI2: prostacyclin, PHT: pulmonary hypertension, RCT: randomized controlled trial, UK: United Kingdom, USA: United States of America.