Table 3.
Grey matter correlates of IGT components in schizophrenia patients and controls and group comparison of the grey matter correlates
| Brain region | Left/right | Brodmann area | MNI coordinatesa |
t-Value | Number of contiguous voxels | Corrected p-value |
r (p) |
Fisher's Z (p) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | Patient | Control | |||||||
| Significant voxels in controls | |||||||||||
| (a) Overall learning | |||||||||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | L | −35 | 46 | −3 | 3.14 | 52 | 0.05 | −0.12 (0.36) | 0.35 (0.1) | 2 (0.05) | |
| (b) More attention to reward and greater grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | BA8 | 2 | 29 | 55 | 3.78 | 328 | 0.02 | 0.10 (0.46) | 0.48 (0.02) | 1.66 (0.05) |
| Superior temporal gyrus | R | BA22 | 49 | 8 | −1 | 4.33 | 1172 | 0.006 | −0.03 (0.83) | 0.41 (0.04) | 1.83 (0.03) |
| Inferior parietal lobule | R | BA7 | 34 | −61 | 43 | 3.44 | 147 | 0.03 | −0.18 (0.18) | 0.61 (0.002) | 3.49 (<0.001) |
| Globus pallidus | L | −12 | 5 | 3 | 3.24 | 270 | 0.04 | 0.15 (0.25) | 0.4 (0.05) | 1.07 (0.14) | |
| (b) Poor memory for past (relative to recent) outcomes and lower grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Post-central gyrus | R | BA1 | 16 | −30 | 76 | 4.07 | 211 | 0.01 | 0.27 (0.04) | −0.49 (0.02) | 3.19 (<0.001) |
| Superior temporal gyrus | L | BA22 | −59 | −12 | 4 | 3.12 | 104 | 0.05 | 0.02 (0.89) | −0.34 (0.11) | 1.47 (0.07) |
| (c) Low impulsivity (high consistency) and greater grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | R | BA8 | 32 | 23 | 43 | 3.83 | 1208 | 0.02 | 0.11 (0.39) | 0.55 (0.005) | 1.99 (0.02) |
| Middle frontal gyrus | L | BA46 | −45 | 21 | 25 | 3.65 | 781 | 0.02 | 0.24 (0.07) | 0.54 (0.007) | 1.41 (0.08) |
| Middle frontal gyrus | R | BA6 | 22 | 10 | 53 | 3.40 | 62 | 0.03 | 0.13 (0.33) | 0.56 (0.005) | 1.97 (0.02) |
| Superior temporal gyrus | R | BA42 | 58 | −12 | 13 | 4.38 | 2877 | 0.005 | 0.21 (0.11) | 0.66 (0.001) | 2.27 (0.01) |
| Middle temporal gyrus | R | BA39 | 56 | −72 | 8 | 3.26 | 50 | 0.04 | −0.17 (0.21) | 0.37 (0.08) | 2.19 (0.01) |
| Hippocampus | R | BA28 | 20 | −21 | −16 | 3.28 | 125 | 0.04 | 0.16 (0.22) | 0.47 (0.02) | 1.37 (0.09) |
| Post-central gyrus | L | BA2 | −55 | −19 | 24 | 4.52 | 1576 | 0.004 | 0.15 (0.24) | 0.65 (0.001) | 2.44 (0.007) |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus | L | BA23 | −6 | −31 | 29 | 4.45 | 365 | 0.005 | −0.11 (0.39) | 0.58 (0.003) | 3.02 (0.001) |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus | R | BA31 | 9 | −37 | 30 | 3.30 | 82 | 0.04 | 0.02 (0.88) | 0.47 (0.02) | 1.92 (0.03) |
| Occipital gyrus | R | BA11 | 9 | 48 | −28 | 3.26 | 92 | 0.04 | −0.04 (0.76) | 0.57 (0.004) | 2.7 (0.004) |
| Cuneus | L | BA17 | −15 | −73 | 10 | 3.26 | 94 | 0.04 | −0.07 (0.59) | 0.51 (0.01) | 2.48 (0.007) |
| Significant voxels in patients | |||||||||||
| (a) More attention to reward and greater grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Superior temporal gyrus | L | BA21 | −50 | 9 | −6 | 3.06 | 160 | 0.03 | 0.36 (0.004) | 0.22 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.27) |
| Thalamus | L | −5 | −31 | −4 | 4.00 | 1258 | 0.003 | 0.51 (<0.001) | −0.05 (0.82) | 2.39 (0.008) | |
| (b) Poor memory for past (relative to recent) outcomes and lower grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | BA8 | 20 | 35 | 40 | 3.73 | 146 | 0.006 | −0.39 (0.002) | −0.19 (0.39) | 0.86 (0.2) |
| Inferior temporal gyrus | R | BA20 | 55 | −29 | −17 | 3.18 | 208 | 0.02 | −0.40 (0.002) | 0.14 (0.52) | 2.21 (0.01) |
| (c) Low impulsivity (high consistency) and greater grey matter volume | |||||||||||
| Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | R | BA9 | 46 | 21 | 26 | 3.60 | 1252 | 0.009 | 0.44 (0.001) | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.24 (0.41) |
| Superior temporal gyrus | L | BA22 | −54 | −31 | 12 | 3.47 | 1151 | 0.01 | 0.39 (0.002) | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.0 (1.0) |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus | R | BA31 | 14 | −41 | 40 | 3.17 | 162 | 0.03 | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.6) | 0.57 (0.28) |
a
MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.