Table (1).

Representative loss-of-function mutants of ColE1 family plasmids and corresponding suppressors.

#	Mutation name	Ref	Mechanism	Suppressors	Ref
1	pri10, cer7	[7,14] [14]	Inactivates P2 PolA essential in rnhA strains [16]	her (RNAseH- deficient)	[14]
2	cer17	[14]		Her (RNAseH- deficient)	[14]
3	svir 11	[44]
4	pri7	[15]	Favors β, γ conformation	spr71 , spr77 , spr76 (stem of loop 3, restore stem IV formation)
5	pri1	[7]	Preventing R-loop formation PolA essential in rnhA strains [16]
6	pri2	[7]
7	pri3	[7]
8	pri4	[7]		spr42 spr41 (enhance Pri3)	[7]
9	pri6	[7]	Preventing primer extension. Insensitive to RNAseH and polA inactivation[16]	spr61 Also addition of excess Pol I
10	cer6	[80,14]	Conformational change that breaks a hairpin structure; makes the primer hypersensitive to RNAseH	rev16 her (RNAseH- deficient) herB (increased DNA polymerase I activity)	[14 , 80 , 81]
11	pri9	[82]	Preventing R-loop formation (destabilizes hairpin)
12	cer8	[82]
13	cer114	[82]	Defective in RNAseH-dependent and independent modes; Conformational change	rev20 herC	[82]
14	pri5	[7]	RNAseH cleavage sites shifter 5 nt upstream Prevents primer extension Insensitive to RNAseH and polA inactivation[16]

Mutations with a negative effect on plasmid copy number, their names, phenotype and probable mechanism of action are listed. The number in column 1 identifies the mutation presented in Fig. (1). Pri= Priming-defective. Cer=ColE1 Replication defective; host factor suppressors are called her, for Host factor affecting colE1 Replication. svir=suppressor of virulence.