Table (2).

Representative gain of function mutants of ColE1 family plasmids

#	Mutation Name	Ref/Patent	Phenotype	Mechanism
1	svir017 (cop1 in CloDF13)	[41, 42]	Increased PCN	Increased P2 expression (stabilizes secondary structure in promoter)
2		[83]	Increased PCN	Increased P2 expression
3	pOPIΔ6 (same in pBR322)	[54, 55]	Increased PCN (200–300 copies)	Read-through transcription of RNA I, altering its secondary structure
4	inc4	[45]	Increased PCN(3×)
5	inc1	[45]	Increased PCN (2×)
6	inc9	[45]	Increased PCN (1.5×)	SL3 disruption
7	Patent	[48]	Increased PCN
8	svir 3,115	[44]	Runaway plasmid replication
9	svir 2,7; inc1 inc2 pWT11cop	[44, 45]	Increased Increased (7×) New compatibility group
10	svir12	[44]	Increased
11	svir102	[44]
12	svir19
13	inc3	[45]	Increased (1.5×) Altered compatibility	Decreased inhibition by RNAI due to weaker interaction to homologous residues in unpaired loop
14	svir002 (C to A in pUC)	[41, 51, 65]	Increased (Temperature-dependent)	Stabilizes α, β; conformation less sensitive to inhibition
15	pEW2705	[64, 52]	Te- dependent PCN 30 °C normal 42 °C runaway (host affected) Growth phase-dependent @ 37 °C Exp: 2–4× Sat: 20×	Stabilizes α, β; conformation less sensitive to inhibition because antitail is hidden in a stem
16	pMM7	[64, 52, 53]	~ pEW2705 (less Ts?)
17	pMM4	[64, 52, 53]	~ pEW2705 (less Ts?)
18	pMM1	[64, 52]	~ pEW2705

Mutations increasing plasmid copy number, their names, phenotype and probable mechanism of action are listed. The number in column 1 identifies the mutation presented in Fig. (5). inc=incompatibility mutants, allow plasmids pNT7 and pMB9 to be stably inherited in the same cell. svir= suppressors of virulence. cop=copy number. PCN=plasmid copy number