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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Dec 21;184(1-2):86–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.011

Table 1.

Summary of benzene studies applying systems biology approach

Systems Biology Study Method Study Size
Benzene Exposure (ppm) Major Findings Reference
Exposed Controls
Phenomics
 Hematotoxicity CBC 250 140 <1, <10, >10 Decrease in all blood cell counts Lan et al. 2004 [27]
Colony 24 29 <10, >10 Decrease in colony formation Lan et al. 2004 [27]
Toxicogenomics
 Transcriptomics Affymetrix 6 6 ≥10 29 genes differentially expressed Forrest et al. 2005 [29]
& q-PCR 13 15 ≥10 Validated 6 of 29 genes
Affymetrix & Illumina 8 8 Confirms Forrest findings McHale et al. 2009 [30]
Illumina 83 42 <1, <10, >10 Different gene pathways identified at low and high exposures McHale et al. 2008 [31]
 Proteomics SELDI-TOF 20 20 31.3 & 37.9 (mean) Identified two down-regulated proteins as PF4 and CTAP-III Vermelen et al. 2005 [32]
(2 sets of 10)
Epigenomics
 DNA Methylation Illumina (GoldenGate) 6 4 8.9±9.1 (mean±sd) Results preliminary (MSH3, RUNX3) Pilot Study
Human TK6 Cells HQ (0, 10, 15, 20 μM) Results preliminary (RUNX1, IL12)
 miRNA Agilent 7 7 <1 ppm Results preliminary (4 miRNAs) Pilot Study
Genomics
PDA in Yeast ~4600 homozygous deletion strains HQ, CAT, BT Oxidative stress response North 2009 [44]
RNAi WRN HQ DNA repair HR pathway Galvan 2008, Ren 2009 [48, 49]
Genotyping
Illumina (GoldenGate) 250 140 0, < 1, < 10, > 10 Identified MPO, NQO1, and a group of DNA repair & cytokine genes Lan 2004, 2005, 2009, Shen 2006 [5052]