Table 2.
DNA Vaccine Enhancing Strategies.
| Strategy | Approach | Indication | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Routes of administration | intramuscular/EP | prostate cancer; B-cell lymphoma | [46–48] |
| intradermal/EP | prostate cancer; colon cancer | [49, 50] | |
| gene gun | cervical cancer | [51, 52] | |
| tattoo perforating needle | melanoma | [53] | |
| intratumor | melanoma; renal carcinoma | [54, 55] | |
| high-pressure liquid delivery | B-cell lymphoma; | [50, 56] | |
| colon cancer | |||
| Genetic immunomodulators as Adjuvants | cytokine | liver cancer; prostate cancer; melanoma; B-cell lymphoma | [56–62] |
| chemokine | B-cell lymphoma | [63] | |
| T cell helper epitopes | prostate cancer; follicular lymphoma; colon carcinoma | [46, 47, 64, 65] | |
| Toll-receptor ligands | lung carcinoma | [66] | |
| heat shock proteins | cervical cancer | [67] | |
| Prime-boost strategy | plasmid DNA/plasmid DNA+EP | prostate cancer; colon cancer | [46, 47, 50] |
| plasmid DNA/recombinant protein | prostate carcinoma; breast cancer | [68] NCT00363012 | |
| plasmid DNA/viral vector | liver cancer; melanoma; prostate carcinoma | [58, 60, 69] | |
| viral vector/plasmid DNA | prostate cancer | [59] | |