Time course of plasma stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 levels in response to liver injury. Plasma SDF-1 levels were determined by ELISA for each liver injury model. In each case, normal controls (0.64 ± 0.13 ng/ml, n = 7) are indicated by the dashed line. *P < 0.05 vs. normal control, **P < 0.001 vs. normal control. (A) FAH null mice before (n = 3) and 3 days (n = 3), 7 days (n = 3) or 14 days (n = 2) after withdrawal of NTBC. (B) Normal mice treated with a DDC diet for up to 14 days (n = 3 per group). Additional mice (n = 3 per group) were allowed to recover for 7 or 14 days after a 14-day course of DDC diet. (C) Normal mice treated with focal liver irradiation (n = 4 per group). DDC, 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine; FAH, fumaryl acetoacetate hydroxylase.