Table 3.
Glucose and insulin dynamics from OGTT and FSIVGTT: across groups effects for evaluable participants (N = 54)
| Control (C) (n = 16) |
Nutrition education (N) (n = 21) |
Nutrition + strength training (N+ST) (n = 17) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomesa | Pretest | Post-test | Pretest | Post-test | Pretest | Post-test | P valueb |
| OGTT (3-h) | |||||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 93.7 (7.1) | 88.7 (8.0) | 92.2 (6.1) | 91.4 (6.5) | 90.9 (7.3) | 88.5 (8.6) | 0.11 |
| 2-h Glucose (mg/dl) | 120.0 (25.3) | 120.9 (32.3) | 134.6 (18.5) | 117.6 (24.6) | 127.6 (30.3) | 124.3 (17.5) | 0.16 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 27.1 (17.3) | 26.1 (19.7) | 26.1 (16.3) | 24.3 (14.5) | 31.7 (10.6) | 27.8 (12.5) | 0.82 |
| 2-h Insulin (μU/ml) | 132.7 (91.4) | 164.5 (183.5) | 249.9 (204.3) | 169.0 (259.6) | 184.6 (108.1) | 150.9 (92.5) | 0.23 |
| Glucose IAUC (nmol/min/l) | 80.7 (50.7) | 103.9 (60.4)c | 114.1 (41.6) | 94.8 (49.4)d | 98.2 (58.3) | 91.9 (56.0)c | 0.05 |
| Insulin IAUC (nmol/min/l) | 309.4 (178.0) | 338.4 (281.2) | 459.3 (319.5) | 368.3 (386.6) | 405.0 (279.1) | 302.6 (159.8) | 0.18 |
| HOMA | 6.2 (3.8) | 5.9 (4.8) | 6.1 (4.2) | 5.5 (3.3) | 7.1 (2.5) | 6.1 (3.0) | 0.71 |
| FSIVGTT | |||||||
| SI (×10−4/min/μU/ml) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.47 |
| AIR (μU/ml × 10/min) | 1,308.5 (930.9) | 1,404.8 (1,119.7) | 1,160.4 (869.9) | 1,222.8 (994.2) | 1,530.0 (870.4) | 1,607.0 (959.2) | 0.83 |
| DI (×10−4/min) | 1,944.4 (1,071.3) | 1,797.4 (1,038.1) | 1,297.1 (596.7) | 1,723.0 (898.3) | 1,832.6 (808.8) | 2,002.9 (994.3) | 0.43 |
AIR, acute insulin response; FSIVGTT, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
Data are mean (s.d.). Sample sizes for insulin sensitivity (SI) and disposition index (DI) for the control group was n = 15.
P values were calculated using analysis of covariance. Covariates included: age, sex, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat and lean tissue mass. AIR included SI as a covariate. While raw scores are reported here for all variables, analyses were based on log scores for all variables except fasting glucose.
Means with different letters (c and d) across intervention groups are signifcantly different from one another using Bonferroni multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).
Means with different letters (c and d) across intervention groups are signifcantly different from one another using Bonferroni multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).