Table 5. Selected Results of Multi-Level Models Predicting Early High School Math and Science Coursework with Interactions (n = 15, 876).
| Unstandardized b Coefficients (SE) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Math | Science | |
| Focal Adolescent Group | ||
| Low-income a | -.04 (.06) |
.01 (.04) |
| ELL | -.71*** (.18) |
-.45*** (.12) |
| Family/School Partnership | ||
| Triangulation b | .12* (.06) |
-.01 (.04) |
| Middle school as bridge | .32*** (.08) |
.06 (.06) |
| Family as bridge | -.11 (.11) |
.05 (.07) |
| High school as bridge | .14* (.06) |
-.01 (.04) |
| Student × Partnership Interactions | ||
| Low-income × triangulation b | .03 (.09) |
.00 (.06) |
| Low-income × middle school as bridge | -.06 (.13) |
.01 (.08) |
| Low-income × family as bridge | .43* (.19) |
.22* (.11) |
| Low-income × high school as bridge | -.14 (.08) |
-.06 (.05) |
| ELL × triangulation b | .66* (.29) |
.67* (.20) |
| ELL × middle school as bridge | .79** (.32) |
-.26 (.22) |
| ELL × family as bridge | 1.19 (1.24) |
1.07 (.83) |
| ELL × high school as bridge | .58* (.26) |
.40* (.17) |
| Intercept | 3.25*** | 2.32*** |
| Δ 2 LL (vs. Model 3 in Tables 3-4) | -30 | -13 |
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.
Note: Models controlled for gender, age, race/ethnicity, parent education, family structure, immigration status, school type, school sector, school location, school region, middle school test scores/coursework, and propensity scores cataloging probability of inclusion in each family-school category (including catch-all category).
a
Category for those missing income information also included in analyses.
b
Disengaged was reference for family-school connections; set of dummy variables also contained a catch-all category, and this category was also interacted with low-income and ELL.