TABLE 3.

Estimated Effect of ESL Placement on Grades and Math and Science Enrollment by Concentration of Immigrants in the School and Generational Status

	Low-Concentration Schools				High-Concentration Schools
	Treatment	Control	SE	ATT	Treatment	Control	SE	ATT
First, Second, Third Combined	N = 43	N = 126			N = 98	N = 358
Junior year GPA	2.524	3.050	0.606	−0.527	2.501	2.137	0.101	0.364***
AlgII/chemistry	2.047	3.466	0.498	−1.420***	2.898	2.382	0.144	0.516***
First Generation	N = 31	N = 10			N = 42	N = 43
Junior year GPA	2.579	1.300	0.969	1.279	2.199	2.094	0.211	0.104
AlgII/chemistry	1.871	3.207	0.446	−1.336***	2.405	2.632	0.390	−0.227
Second Generation	N = 9	N = 56			N = 42	N = 229
Junior year GPA	2.555	3.117	0.680	−0.562	2.744	2.210	0.142	0.534***
AlgII/chemistry	2.556	2.991	0.795	−0.436	3.286	2.549	0.196	0.736***
Third Generation	N = 3	N = 60			N = 14	N = 86
Junior year GPA	1.861	2.499	0.363	−0.638†	2.681	2.315	0.286	0.367
AlgII/chemistry	2.333	2.391	0.545	−0.058	3.214	2.580	0.343	0.634†

^***p<0.001;

^†p<0.10.