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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Liposome Res. 2008;18(4):263–277. doi: 10.1080/08982100802354558

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities of papaverine-loaded echogenic liposomes with or without detergent treatment. The PDE-Glo™ phosphodiesterase assay was performed in a 96-well plate using 0.67 mU of PDE from bovine brain, 0.0625 μM cAMP substrate, and the indicated amount of Papaverine. The PDE and papaverine were preincubated together for 5 min. The substrate was added, and the reactions were incubated for an additional 15 min at room temperature. The reaction was terminated with a buffer containing 100mM IBMX. Luminescence was developed with a detection buffer and Kinase Glo solution and subsequently read with a Tecan Safire2™ plate reader (Mannedorf/Zurich, Switzerland). Means and standard deviations were derived from 4 samples at each papaverine concentration.