FIGURE 1.
CHAC1 is induced specifically by chemical UPR inducers. Determination of normalized CHAC1 mRNA measured by real-time RT-PCR in untreated cells (Media) and in cells treated with ox-PAPC (Ox), tunicamycin (Tun), DTT, thapsigargin (Thaps), or the general cell stressors UV and heat shock (HS). Shown are data from primary (a) HAEC, (b) HEK 293 cells, and (c) HeLa cells. Induction of known UPR genes (d) ATF4 and (e) ATF3 in HAEC, by real-time RT-PCR, in untreated cells (media) and in cells treated with chemical UPR inducers. *, p < 0.01.