Table 3.
Levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin, M-value (average glucose infusion rate corrected for kilogram FFM), absolute glucose Ra (by kilogram body weight), and Rd (by kilogram FFM) during the euglycemic steady-state period between 0730 and 0800 h and steps 1 and 2 of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
| Visit GP rhGH+placebo | Visit PP placebo+placebo | Visit GA rhGH+acipimox | Visit PA placebo+acipimox | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preclamp steady state (0730–0800 h) | |||||
| Blood glucose (mmol/liter) | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Plasma insulin (pmol/liter) | 104.6 ± 19.2 | 47.2 ± 10.1a | 28.7 ± 7.4b | 32.0 ± 12.5c | <0.0001 |
| Glucose Ra (μmol/kg · min) | 12.5 ± 1.3 | 13.2 ± 1.0a | 17.9 ± 2.4 | 15.7 ± 2.2c | 0.3 |
| Glucose Rd (μmol/kg FFM per minute) | 16.1 ± 2.4 | 18.7 ± 4.2a | 28.4 ± 5.3b | 21.8 ± 4.7c | 0.3 |
| Step 1 steady state (0930–1000 h) | |||||
| Blood glucose (mmol/liter) | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.04 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 0.4 |
| Plasma insulin (pmol/liter) | 156.9 ± 23.0 | 167.7 ± 18.9 | 150.4 ± 13.2 | 152.1 ± 16.2 | 0.8 |
| M-value (mg per FFM per minute) | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 8.4 ± 1.1a | 9.8 ± 1.0b | 11.0 ± 1.2 | 0.02 |
| Glucose Ra (μmol/kg · min) | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 0.6 |
| Glucose Rd (μmol/kg FFM per minute) | 35.7 ± 4.3 | 49.0 ± 3.8a | 57.6 ± 4.0b | 68.1 ± 5.8c | <0.0001 |
| Step 2 steady state (1130–1200 h) | |||||
| Blood glucose (mmol/liter) | 4.9 ± 0.08 | 4.9 ± 0.09 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.07 | 0.5 |
| Plasma insulin (pmol/liter) | 335.6 ± 55.3 | 358.1 ± 52.6 | 355.8 ± 58.0 | 393.5 ± 29.1 | 0.5 |
| M-value (mg per FFM per minute) | 17.1 ± 1.2 | 18.9 ± 1.5 | 20.0 ± 1.0 | 21.0 ± 1.7c | 0.04 |
| Glucose Ra (μmol/kg · min) | −3.2 ± 5.3 | −0.9 ± 1.3 | −1.2 ± 4.0 | −1.2 ± 3.3 | 0.96 |
| Glucose Rd (μmol/kg FFM per minute) | 91.5 ± 10.0 | 104.2 ± 9.7 | 109.0 ± 8.9 | 112.2 ± 7.3 | 0.2 |
Data are means ± 1 sem.
a
P < 0.05 for GP vs. PP.
b
P < 0.05 for GP vs. GA.
c
P < 0.05 for PP vs. PA.