CARTp stimulation of CART-Luc and Y2R-Luc in vagal afferent neurons: potentiation by leptin and inhibition by ghrelin. (A) Graded concentrations of CARTp stimulated expression of 3.45 kb CART-Luc, and in the presence of leptin (10 ng/ml) the curve was moved to the left. (B) Pre-incubation (30 min) with 10 nM ghrelin inhibited CART-Luc responses to 2 nM CARTp. (C) Graded concentrations of CARTp stimulated expression of 3.034 kb Y2R-Luc and leptin (10 ng/ml) moved the curve to the left. (D) Pre-incubation (30 min) with 10 nM ghrelin inhibited Y2R-Luc responses to 2 nM CARTp. (E) CCK8s (10 nM) inhibited expression of 1.6 kb of MCH-Luc promoter-reporter construct, and this was reversed by ghrelin (10 nM), but CARTp (2 nM) had no effect. Mean ± SE., n=3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.