Table III.

ORs^a and 95% CIs for lung cancer risk by smoking status and histological subtypes, EAGLE

	Quintileb of dietary intake
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P-trend
Smoking status
Ever smokers (n = 3061)
Total fruit and vegetablec	1.0 (ref)	0.92 (0.72–1.2)	0.87 (0.68–1.1)	0.84 (0.64–1.1)	0.75 (0.57–0.98)	0.03
Total fruitsd	1.0 (ref)	1.1 (0.82–1.4)	1.0 (0.81–1.3)	0.80 (0.61–1.0)	0.76 (0.58–1.0)	0.01
Total vegetablese	1.0 (ref)	1.1 (0.83–1.4)	0.93 (0.71–1.2)	0.95 (0.73–1.2)	0.86 (0.65–1.1)	0.19
Quercetin-rich foodsf	1.0 (ref)	0.93 (0.72–1.2)	0.69 (0.53–0.91)	0.67 (0.49–0.90)	0.46 (0.34–0.64)	<0.001
Never smokers (n = 742)
Total fruit and vegetablec	1.0 (ref)	0.82 (0.41–1.6)	0.63 (0.31–1.3)	0.81 (0.41–1.6)	0.39 (0.18–0.84)	0.04
Total fruitsd	1.0 (ref)	1.3 (0.62–2.7)	1.3 (0.61–2.6)	0.84 (0.39–1.8)	0.91 (0.43–1.9)	0.38
Total vegetablese	1.0 (ref)	0.75 (0.38–1.5)	0.50 (0.25–1.0)	0.77 (0.40–1.5)	0.31 (0.14–0.66)	0.008
Quercetin-rich foodsf	1.0 (ref)	0.61 (0.30–1.2)	0.91 (0.45–1.9)	0.70 (0.32–1.5)	0.46 (0.19–1.2)	0.23
Histology
Adenocarcinoma (n = 740)
Total fruit and vegetablec	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (0.78–1.4)	0.96 (0.71–1.3)	0.78 (0.57–1.1)	0.75 (0.55–1.0)	0.02
Total fruitsd	1.0 (ref)	1.3 (0.96–1.7)	1.2 (0.87–1.6)	0.91 (0.67–1.2)	0.82 (0.59–1.1)	0.06
Total vegetablese	1.0 (ref)	1.1 (0.86–1.5)	0.91 (0.67–1.2)	1.1 (0.82–1.5)	0.68 (0.49–0.95)	0.06
Quercetin-rich foodsf	1.0 (ref)	0.92 (0.69–1.2)	0.74 (0.54–1.0)	0.60 (0.42–0.85)	0.46 (0.32–0.67)	<0.001
Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 470)
Total fruit and vegetablec	1.0 (ref)	1.1 (0.73–1.5)	0.91 (0.62–1.4)	1.0 (0.69–1.6)	0.99 (0.67–1.5)	0.93
Total fruitsd	1.0 (ref)	1.2 (0.82–1.7)	1.2 (0.79–1.7)	0.84 (0.56–1.3)	0.84 (0.56–1.3)	0.18
Total vegetablese	1.0 (ref)	1.2 (0.81–1.7)	1.1 (0.72–1.6)	1.1 (0.76–1.7)	1.2 (0.77–1.7)	0.57
Quercetin-rich foodsf	1.0 (ref)	0.86 (0.58–1.3)	0.67 (0.44–1.0)	0.88 (0.57–1.4)	0.43 (0.27–0.70)	0.004
Small cell carcinoma (n = 189)
Total fruit and vegetablec	1.0 (ref)	0.76 (0.46–1.3)	0.87 (0.51–1.5)	0.94 (0.54–1.6)	0.59 (0.32–1.1)	0.24
Total fruitsd	1.0 (ref)	0.77 (0.46–1.3)	0.98 (0.59–1.6)	0.62 (0.34–1.1)	0.77 (0.44–1.3)	0.24
Total vegetablese	1.0 (ref)	0.86 (0.51–1.5)	1.2 (0.74–2.0)	0.72 (0.40–1.3)	0.92 (0.53–1.6)	0.64
Quercetin-rich foodsf	1.0 (ref)	0.90 (0.53–1.5)	0.95 (0.54–1.7)	0.91 (0.48–1.7)	0.52 (0.26–1.0)	0.13

^aAll models adjusted for age, gender, area of residence, education, body mass index, alcohol consumption (continuous), total red meat intake (continuous), cigarette intensity in packs per day (continuous, 0 for non-smokers), duration of cigarettes smoking (continuous, 0 for non-smokers), years since last cigarette smoked (continuous, 0 for non-smokers and current smokers) and passive smoking (work and home); For quercetin-rich foods: additionally adjusted for total intake of non-quercetin-rich foods (continuous).

^bQuintile of intake: sex specific, based on distribution of the controls for each gender.

^cTotal fruits and vegetables: total vegetables + total fruits.

^dTotal fruits: summary measure of apples, pears, bananas, kiwis, oranges/grapefruits, mandarins/clementines, grapes, peaches/clingstones, apricots, plums, strawberries, melons and fruit cocktails.

^eTotal vegetables: summary measure of tomatoes, peppers, carrots, salad, peas, beans/chick peas, mushrooms, broccoli, turnips, savoy, black cabbage, onions, cooked spinach/Swiss chard/beets/rabes, cooked eggplants/zucchini/string beans, artichokes/fennel and beets.

^fQuercetin-rich foods: summary measure of apples, grapes, onions, artichoke/fennel/celery, beans, apricots, plums, turnips, peppers, strawberries, tomatoes and broccoli.