Table IV.
Lung cancer risk associated with highest versus lowest intake of quercetina-rich foods, by P450 and GST genotypes in EAGLE
| Gene (rs #) | Quercetina-rich foods ORb, (95% CI) |
Additive interaction |
Multiplicative interaction | |||||
| Case/control | Lowestc | Case/control | Highestd | RERIe (LL, UL)f | APg (LL, UL)f | Sh (LL, UL)f | P-valuelrti | |
| CYP450s | ||||||||
| CYP1A1_14 (rs2606345) | ||||||||
| GG | 205/154 | 1.0 (ref) | 228/311 | 0.50 (0.34–0.72) | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.74 | |
| GT + TT | 268/227 | 0.79 (0.57–1.1) | 207/447 | 0.47 (0.33–0.68) | (−0.10, 0.48) | (−0.28, 1.1) | (0.50, 1.1) | 0.41 |
| CYP1A1_78 (rs2198843) | ||||||||
| GG | 330/259 | 1.0 (ref) | 363/526 | 0.50 (0.37–0.69) | 0.27 | 0.58 | 0.66 | |
| CG+CC | 142/122 | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | 172/234 | 0.47 (0.32–0.67) | (−0.01, 0.55) | (−0.06, 1.2) | (0.47, 0.95) | 0.20 |
| CYP1A1_81 (rs2472299) | ||||||||
| CC | 215/192 | 1.0 (ref) | 257/340 | 0.67 (0.47–0.96) | −0.34 | −0.57 | 5.8 | |
| CT+TT | 257/191 | 1.23 (0.92–1.7) | 277/421 | 0.59 (0.42–0.83) | (−0.78, 0.11) | (−1.3, 0.14) | (0.0, 8293) | 0.11 |
| CYP1A1_114 (rs2470893) | ||||||||
| GG | 294/233 | 1.0 (ref) | 328/480 | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.96 | |
| GT+TT | 179/149 | 1.0 (0.74–1.4) | 205/277 | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) | (−0.35, 0.39) | (−0.59, 0.65) | (0.41, 2.2) | 0.76 |
| CYP1A2_79 (rs11072508) | ||||||||
| AA | 170/152 | 1.0 (ref) | 205/272 | 0.64 (0.43–0.94) | −0.20 | −0.35 | 2.0 | |
| AB+BB | 302/230 | 1.2 (0.84–1.6) | 327/486 | 0.59 (0.41–0.85) | (−0.63, 0.22) | (−1.0, 0.32) | (0.20, 20.5) | 0.39 |
| CYP1B1_07 (rs1800440) | ||||||||
| AA | 288/247 | 1.0 (ref) | 344/463 | 0.63 (0.46–0.88) | −0.33 | −0.60 | 3.5 | |
| AG+GG | 185/135 | 1.2 (0.89–1.7) | 188/296 | 0.54 (0.38–0.77) | (−0.78, 0.12) | (−1.4, 0.21) | (0.08, 147.9) | 0.12 |
| CYP1B1_18 (rs10175368) | ||||||||
| GG | 252/183 | 1.0 (ref) | 264/411 | 0.42 (0.30–0.60) | 0.41 | 0.80 | 0.55 | |
| GA+AA | 220/199 | 0.68 (0.49–0.93) | 271/347 | 0.51 (0.36–0.72) | (0.17, 0.66) | (0.23, 1.4) | (0.40, 0.74) | 0.01 |
| CYP1B1_27 (rs162556) | ||||||||
| CC | 129/128 | 1.0 (ref) | 170/210 | 0.75 (0.49–1.2) | −0.41 | −0.65 | −7.5 | |
| CT+TT | 341/253 | 1.3 (0.92–1.8) | 361/546 | 0.64 (0.43–0.94) | (−0.94, 0.11) | (−1.4, 0.07) | — | 0.07 |
| CYP1B1_31 (rs162562) | ||||||||
| CC | 336/284 | 1.0 (ref) | 376/539 | 0.55 (0.40–0.76) | −0.03 | −0.05 | 1.1 | |
| CT+TT | 136/98 | 1.1 (0.75–1.5) | 158/222 | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) | (−0.39, 0.33) | (−0.65, 0.55) | (0.41, 2.8) | 0.96 |
| CYP1B1_42 rs162557) | ||||||||
| AA | 333/273 | 1.0 (ref) | 358/517 | 0.54 (0.40–0.75) | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.91 | |
| AC+CC | 141/110 | 0.99 (0.70–1.4) | 176/243 | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | (−0.34, 0.42) | (−0.58, 0.73) | (0.41, 2.0) | 0.81 |
| GSTs | ||||||||
| GSTA1_01 (rs3957357) | ||||||||
| TT | 156/118 | 1.0 (ref) | 161/251 | 0.41 (0.27–0.63) | 0.30 | 0.65 | 0.46 | |
| TC + CC | 317/260 | 0.75 (0.53–1.1) | 371/506 | 0.46 (0.31–0.68) | (0.53,1.1) | (−0.70, 2.0) | (0.32, 1.3) | 0.08 |
| GSTA4_05 (rs1051535) | ||||||||
| CC | 148/123 | 1.0 (ref) | 157/232 | 0.57 (0.37–0.85) | −0.01 | −0.02 | 1.0 | |
| CA+AA | 326/259 | 0.96 (0.68–1.36) | 376/528 | 0.52 (0.36–0.77) | (−0.4, 0.37) | (−0.74, 0.70) | (0.45, 2.3) | 0.80 |
| GSTM3_01 (rs7483) | ||||||||
| GG | 258/192 | 1.0 (ref) | 262/384 | 0.52 (0.37–0.73) | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.78 | |
| GA+AA | 205/187 | 0.86 (0.62–1.2) | 251/362 | 0.51 (0.36–0.73) | (−0.17, 0.45) | (−0.36, 0.90) | (0.48, 1.3) | 0.37 |
| GSTM3_02 (rs1799735) | ||||||||
| +/+ | 312/265 | 1.0 (ref) | 381/496 | 0.60 (0.44–0.82) | −0.15 | −0.31 | 1.4 | |
| +/− and −/− | 162/117 | 1.0 (0.74–1.5) | 154/263 | 0.49 (0.34–0.70) | (−0.54, 0.25) | (−1.1, 0.49) | (0.46, 4.3) | 0.28 |
| GSTM3_06 (rs1537234) | ||||||||
| TT | 188/143 | 1.0 (ref) | 183/305 | 0.50 (0.34–0.73) | 0.08 | 0.50 | 0.84 | |
| GT + GG | 284/234 | 1.0 (0.70–1.4) | 347/451 | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | (−0.75, 0.91) | (−1.3, 1.6) | (0.17, 4.3) | 0.48 |
| GSTP1_01 (rs1695) | ||||||||
| AA | 236/172 | 1.0 (ref) | 258/386 | 0.45 (0.32–0.65) | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.63 | |
| AG+GG | 238/210 | 0.84 (0.61–1.2) | 274/372 | 0.56 (0.39–0.79) | (−0.02, 0.55) | (−0.10, 1.0) | (0.42, 0.96) | 0.08 |
Total quercetin-rich foods: summary measure of apples, grapes, onions, artichoke/fennel/celery, beans, apricots, plums, turnips, peppers, strawberries, tomatoes and broccoli.
All models adjusted for age, gender, area of residence, education, body mass index, alcohol consumption, total red meat intake (continuous), total intake of non-quercetin-rich fruits and vegetables (continuous), cigarette intensity in packs per day (continuous, 0 for non-smokers), duration of cigarettes smoking (continuous, 0 for non-smokers) and years since last cigarette smoked.
Lowest—first quintile.
Highest—fourth and fifth quintile.
RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction.
Lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) using the delta method.
AP, attributable proportion due to interaction.
S, synergy index.
P-valuelrt, P-value likelihood ratio test.