Table 3.

Options for Time-Effective Strategies for Teaching

Diagnosis	Knowledge gap	Inadequate skills	Attitude barriers	Adverse circumstances
Potential Time-Effective Teaching Strategy	1. One Minute Preceptor (i.e., diagnose the learner, teach general rules, provide feedback)	1. Provide a demonstration, preferably with preview (before the demonstration), commentary (during the demonstration) and debriefing (following the demonstration)	1. Identify good work and praise it	1. Address situational difficulties while aligning with learner’s desire for competence. Set expectations in advance that this will be difficult
	2. Activated demonstration (i.e., Ask the learner to observe the teacher perform a specific task. Following the observation, activate the learner by asking him to describe what was observed)	2. Provide guided practice with feedback	2. Distinguish cognitive short cut from bias	2. Introduce ABCs of root cause analysis [antecedents (what led up to the event?), behavior (what happened?) and consequences (what happened as a result?)]
	3. Assign a reading	3. Select cases that provide opportunity for independent practice	3. Provide corrective feedback
		4. Identify key skills performed well and describe specifically what made them effective	4. Encourage reflection (e.g., with open ended probe or direct question)