Scotopic CSFs for C57BL/6J mice (light intensity, −4.5 log cd m−2). A, Family of spatial CSFs measured at six temporal frequencies (legend). B, Family of temporal CSFs measured at five spatial frequencies (legend) shows that sensitivity is tuned to temporal frequency of 0.75 Hz. C, Family of spatial CSFs measured at five speeds of rotation. D, Family of speed CSFs measured at the same spatial frequencies as in B. Continuous lines are sensitivity functions calculated with Equation 2 and parameter values listed in Table 1; R2 > 0.9 (n = 8 mice). NR, No optomotor response.