Table 3. Multivariate associations (odds ratios) between childhood adversities (CAs) and the persistence of DSM-IV/CIDI disorders by age at interview based on a simple interactive model (N=10,915)a.
| Ages 18-29 | Ages 30-44 | Ages 45-59 | Ages 60+ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| I. Maladaptive family functioning | ||||||||
| Parent Mental Illness | 1.2 | (1.0-1.5) | 1.2* | (1.0-1.5) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.3) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) |
| Parent Substance | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 1.2 | (1.0-1.4) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.5) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) |
| Parent Criminal | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | 1.0 | (0.8-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 1.0 | (0.5-2.1) |
| Family Violence | 1.0 | (0.8-1.3) | 1.4* | (1.2-1.6) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.6) |
| Physical Abuse | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | 1.4* | (1.2-1.7) | 1.3* | (1.0-1.7) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.6) |
| Sexual Abuse | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | 1.4* | (1.1-1.7) | 1.3* | (1.0-1.7) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) |
| Neglect | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 1.4* | (1.1-1.9) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.2) |
| χ27 | 4.9 | 33.3* | 14.3* | 4.8 | ||||
| χ26 | 4.0 | 14.9* | 11.8 | 3.8 | ||||
| II. Other childhood adversities | ||||||||
| Parent Died | 0.9 | (0.7-1.1) | 1.0 | (0.8-1.3) | 0.9 | (0.8-1.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.6) |
| Parent Divorce | 1.1 | (0.9-1.3) | 1.0 | (0.9-1.1) | 1.0 | (0.8-1.3) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) |
| Other Parent Loss | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | 0.6 | (0.4-1.0) |
| Serious physical Illness | 0.9 | (0.6-1.4) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.4) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.1) |
| Family economic Adversity | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.1) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.8) |
| χ25 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 10.6 | ||||
| χ212 | 10.8 | 43.0* | 26.7* | 19.0 | ||||
| χ211 | 9.8 | 55.3* | 22.6* | 9.5 | ||||
| III. Number of maladaptive family functioning CAs | ||||||||
| 0-1 | ||||||||
| 2 | 0.9 | (0.6-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.1) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.2) | 1.5 | (0.7-2.9) |
| 3 | 1.1 | (0.6-2.0) | 0.7* | (0.5-1.0) | 0.7 | (0.5-1.2) | 1.3 | (0.4-3.9) |
| 4 | 0.9 | (0.4-1.9) | 0.6* | (0.3-0.9) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.7) | 1.4 | (0.4-6.0) |
| 5 | 1.4 | (0.5-3.9) | 0.5 | (0.2-1.0) | 0.5 | (0.3-1.1) | 2.0 | (0.4-11.0) |
| 6 | 1.3 | (0.4-4.4) | 0.3* | (0.1-0.6) | 0.5 | (0.1-1.6) | 2.5 | (0.3-19.6) |
| 7 | 1.4 | (0.3-7.2) | 0.4 | (0.1-1.1) | 0.6 | (0.2-2.2) | ||
| χ26 | 5.2 | 15.6* | 12.9* | 2.5 | ||||
| IV. Number of other CAs | ||||||||
| 0-1 | ||||||||
| 2 | 1.0 | (0.7-1.5) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.6) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.4) | 1.1 | (0.5-2.1) |
| 3 | 1.2 | (0.7-2.0) | 1.4 | (0.9-2.3) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.7) | 3.8* | (1.4-10.3) |
| 4+ | 1.1 | (0.4-3.2) | 0.0* | (0.0-0.0) | 2.7* | (1.1-6.8) | - | - |
| χ23 | 0.7 | 238.4* | 27.3* | 6.8* | ||||
| χ221 | 59.0* | 419.7* | 195.9* | 57.3* | ||||
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
See the second footnote to Table 1 for a description of the dataset and overall modeling approach. The model used here was estimated with predictors for both types of adversities and number of adversities (distinguishing number of Maladaptive Family Functioning adversities from number of Other adversities) in addition to the controls used in the models described in Table 1. See the second footnote in Table 2 for a description of the interpretation of the joint effects of type and number of CAs. Data on the prevalence of individual CAs and the distribution of number of CAs separately in person-years with and without most recent episodes are available on request. For person-years with most recent episodes, these prevalence estimates range from a low of 5.1% (parent criminality among respondents in the age range 60+) to a high of 33.8% (family violence among respondents in the age range 30-44).