Table 5.
Multivariate associations (rate ratios) between childhood adversities (CA) and days out of role associated with NCS-R/DSM-IV classes of disorders1
| Mood2 | Anxiety3 | Disruptive Behavior4,6 | Any Disorder5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Point Estimate | (95% CI) | Point Estimate | (95% CI) | Point Estimate | (95% CI) | Point Estimate | (95% CI) | |
| I. Maladaptive family functioning | ||||||||
| Parent Mental Illness | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 0.4 | (0.2–1.3) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) |
| Parent Substance | 1.3 | (0.8–2.1) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.7) | 0.9 | (0.3–2.8) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) |
| Parent Criminal | 1.5 | (0.8–2.6) | 1.6 | (0.8–3.0) | 1.8 | (0.5–6.3) | 1.6* | (1.0–2.6) |
| Family Violence | 1.2 | (0.7–2.0) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.3) | 3.4* | (1.4–8.3) | 1.4 | (0.9–2.1) |
| Physical Abuse | 1.8* | (1.2–2.8) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.8) | 0.7 | (0.2–2.3) | 1.6* | (1.0–2.5) |
| Sexual Abuse | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 1.2 | (0.6–2.6) | 1.4 | (0.4–4.2) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) |
| Neglect | 1.1 | (0.6–1.9) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.2) | 1.6 | (0.5–5.1) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.0) |
| χ27 (p-value) | 19.3 (.007)* | 19.3 (.007)* | 14.2 (.049)* | 38.2 (<.001)* | ||||
| χ26 (p-value) | 23.3 (<.001)* | 19.8 (.003)* | 12.7 (.049)* | 34.1 (<.001)* | ||||
| II. Other childhood adversities | ||||||||
| Parent Died | 1.8* | (1.1–2.9) | 1.9 | (0.9–3.8) | 1.2 | (0.3–4.7) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.9) |
| Parent Divorce | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.6) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.5) |
| Other Parent Loss | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 1.7* | (1.0–2.9) | 0.7 | (0.2–2.0) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.9) |
| Serious physical Illness | 1.7* | (1.1–2.8) | 1.8* | (1.1–3.0) | 0.7 | (0.2–1.8) | 1.5 | (1.0–2.1) |
| Family economic Adversity | 1.7 | (0.9–3.2) | 1.4 | (0.8–2.4) | 1.0 | (0.3–2.9) | 1.4 | (0.9–2.2) |
| χ25 (p-value) | 8.1 (.15) | 8.5 (.13) | 2.0 (.85) | 5.2 (.39) | ||||
| χ212 (p-value) | 60.4 (<.001)* | 38.5 (<.001)* | 33.0 (<.001)* | 71.3 (<.001)* | ||||
| III. Number of maladaptive family functioning CAs | ||||||||
| 0–1 | - | - | - | |||||
| 2 | 1.1 | (0.5–2.3) | 1.3 | (0.4–3.9) | 0.7 | (0.2–3.1) | 1.2 | (0.5–2.9) |
| 3 | 1.3 | (0.5–3.7) | 1.6 | (0.4–6.6) | 0.6 | (0.1–5.0) | 1.6 | (0.5–5.1) |
| 4 | 0.9 | (0.2–4.7) | 1.4 | (0.2–10.6) | 0.8 | (0.0–13.5) | 1.5 | (0.3–8.5) |
| 5 | 0.6 | (0.1–4.7) | 1.4 | (0.1–21.7) | 0.9 | (0.0–24.7) | 1.5 | (0.2–12.5) |
| 6 | 0.6 | (0.0–6.9) | 2.2 | (0.1–58.2) | 0.6 | (0.0–67.9) | 1.6 | (0.1–23.1) |
| χ25 (p-value) | 4.6 (.460) | 2.0 (.860) | 0.9 (.970) | 2.6 (0.77) | ||||
| IV. Number of other CAs | ||||||||
| 0–1 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 2 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.8) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 1.1 | (0.3–4.4) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) |
| 3 | 0.5 | (0.2–1.5) | 0.4 | (0.1–1.3) | 2.5 | (0.2–30.8) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.4) |
| χ22 (p-value) | 3.0 (.22) | 2.6 (.28) | 1.2 (.54) | 1.9 (.38) | ||||
| χ219 (p-value) | 85.1 (<.001)* | 150.8 (<.001)* | 116.5 (<.001)* | 140.4 (<.001)* | ||||
*
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
1
Models were estimated in a Poisson regression framework with one adversity and controls used to predict number of days out of role associated with the outcome disorders.
2–5
Model controlling for age of onset, time since onset, age category, sex, race, diagnosis category, comorbid conditions, type of adversity, # of Maladaptive Family Functioning adversities, and # of Other adversities
6
Disruptive behavior disorders are restricted to those <= 44 years of age at interview